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NCLEX Review (by M.K.) > Calcium Channel Blockers > Flashcards

Calcium Channel Blockers Flashcards

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1
Q
  • are like valium to your heart
  • they relax and slow down the heart
  • have negative inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic effects on the heart
A

Calcium Channel Blockers

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2
Q

What is the effects of

(+) POSITIVE
Inotropy,
Chronotropy,
Dromotropy

A

Positive Inotropy: increase cardiac contractile force -> ventricles empty more completely -> cardiac output improved

Positive chronotrophy: increase rate of impulse formation at SA node -> accelerate heart rate

Positive dromotropy: increase speed that impulses from SA node travel to AV node (increase conduction velocity)

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3
Q

What is the effects of

(-) NEGATIVE
Inotropy,
Chronotropy,
Dromotropy

Specially Of Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)

A

Negative inotropy: weaken/decrease the force of myocardial contraction

Negative chronotropy: decrease rate of impulse formation at the SA node -> decelerte heart rate

Negative dromotropy: decrease speed that impulses from SA node travel to AV node (decrease conduction velocity)

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4
Q

When do you want to relax and slow down the heart?

A

To treat A, AA, AAA

  1. Antihypertensive (blood vessel dilation)
  2. AntiAnginal drugs (decreasing oxygen demand, relaxes the heart)
  3. AntiAtrialArrhyhmia (A flutter, Afib, PACs, Atach, A bigeminy, SVT-originates in atria)
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5
Q

What are side effects of CCBs

A

Headache and vasodilation

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6
Q

Name CCBs

A
  • name ends in (-dipine)… NOT “pine”
  • also Verapamil, Cardizem (diltiazem)
    *Cardizem (diltiazem) is given continous IV drip
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7
Q

What are parameters to assess before putting a pt on CCBs?

A
  1. Assess for BP
  2. Hold if SBP is <100
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8
Q

What do you call the rhythm where
• There is a P wave, followed by a QRS, followed be a T wave for every complex
• Peaks of the P wave is equally distant to the QRS, and fall within 5 small boxes

A

Normal Sinus Rhythm

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9
Q

It is a heart rhythm with no patterm

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

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10
Q

It is a heart rhythm with sharp peaks with a pattern

A

Ventricular Tachycardia

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11
Q

Flat Line

A

Asystole

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12
Q

What to do in asystole

A
  1. Start CCPR
  2. Epi then Athropine

*non shockable rhythm

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13
Q

If a question mentions QRS depolarization, it is ____________

A

Ventricular

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14
Q

If a question mentions P wave, it is ____________

A

Atrial

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15
Q

What are the 6 rhythms most commonly tested on NCLEX

A
  1. A lack of QRS complexes is asystole—a flat line
  2. P waves (atrial) in the form of saw tooth wave = atrial flutter
  3. Chaotic P wave patterns = atrial fibrillation (a-fib)
    (Chaotic: word used to describe fibrillation)
  4. Chaotic QRS complexes = ventricular fibrillation (v-fib)
  5. Bizarre QRS complexes = ventricular tachycardia (v-tach)
    (Bizarre: word used to describe tachycardia)
  6. Periodic wide bizarre QRS complexes = PVCs (Salvos of PVCs = A short runs of v-tach)
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16
Q

PVCs (premature ventricular contractions) are usually low priority.
However, evelate them to moderate priority in under 3 circumstances…

A
  1. Thre are 6 or more PVCs in a minute
  2. More than 6 PVCs in a row
  3. R on T phenomenon (a PVC falls on a T wave)

*PVCs after an MI is common and is a low priority (sign of reperfusion)

17
Q

What are 2 lethal arrhythmias that are high priority because it can kill a pt in 8 mins or less?
Both rhythms produce low or no cardiac output (CO), without which there is inadequate or no brain perfusion. This may lead to confusion and death

A

Asystole and A-fib

18
Q

It is a potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia but it has CO

A

V-tach

19
Q

What is the treatment of PVCs and V-tach

A

Lidocaine
Or Amiodarone

*both are ventricular rhythms

20
Q

If the arrhythmia is ATRIAL (including SVTs)… what do we treat it with?

A

We treat Atrial Arrhythmias with “ABCDs”

A - Adenocard (Adenosine)… FASSST IV push (push in less than 8 seconds and 20 mL NS flush right after)… These pts will gop into asystole for about 30 seconds and out of it
B - Beta-clockers… These pts will go into aystole for about 30 seconds and out of it (((we use this with people with COPD because CCBs can cause bronchocontriction)
C - CCBs (decrease HR and decrese QRS)
D - Digitalis (Digoxin)m, Lanoxin (another digitalis analog)

21
Q

________ have negative inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic effects on the heart. They treat A, AA, AAA
- antihypertensive
-antianginal (decrease oxygen demand)
- atriantrial arthmia

Side effects = headache and hypotension
*similar to CCBc

A

BETA BLOCKERS

22
Q

What is the Tx for Atrial arrhytmnias

A

ADCD

Adna
Beta
Calcium
Dig

23
Q

What are the Tx for Ventricular arrhythmias

A

Lidocaine
Amiodarone

24
Q

It is a low molecular weight-based heparin (LMWH) indicated for VTE prophylaxis following surgery

It is given subcutaneously, usually via a prefilled syringe

A

Enoxaparin

25
Q

What is Verapamil class, indication?

A

Class: CCB
Indication: Prevent migraine headaches and treat vasospasm

26
Q

When is Tranexamic acid used

A

It promotes clotting and may hasten VTE, it is used before surgical procedures where significant blood loss is expected

NCLEX Review (by M.K.) (21 decks)

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