Calcium Flashcards
What form of calcium is in your bone
Ca:PO4 complex
What happens when calcium passes through glomerular filtrate
98% is passively reabsorbed
What are the major regulatory sites of calcium
Bone, kidney, small intestine
Where is half of your calcium in your blood
Protein bound
How do you calculate K
Ca x PO4
what is the normal range for K
30-50
What happens when K is > 60-70
Ca salts are deposited as Ca:PO4 complex
What happens when K is below 30
bone reaborption
What is the hormonal control of calcium
Parathyroid gland secreting PTH
Is PTH the same throughout species
Yes
What does PTH do to bone
Increases bone resorption
What does PTH do to the kidney
Stimulates activation of Vit D
Increases tubular calcium reabsorption
decreases tubular phosphate reabsorption
What does PTH do to the intestine
Calcitrol increases intestinal absorption of calcium
What does Calcitonin do
Opposite of PTH
Decrease levels of Ca in blood by inhibiting bone reabsorption
Decreases tubular calcium reabsorption
How is Vitamin D different than other vitamins
made in one place and acting at others
meets criteria for hormone
What are the steps to make vitamin D
sun or diet- makes vitamin D3> liver-25(OH) vitamin D > kidney (using PTH) 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D
What is the major action of VItamin D in the gut
Stimulate transepitheial transport of Ca and phosphate in the small intestine
What are the 3 principle tissues that regulate Ca
intestines
kidney
bone
What happens in Milk Fever
Hypocalcemic disorder associated with initiation of lactation in dairy cows. Low Ca and PO4
Where is hypoparathyroidism most comon
young dogs/cat 1-4 years old
How does hypoparathyroidism occur
autoimmune, surgery for hyperthyroidisim
Where is hyperparathyroidism occur
common in dogs
What happens in hyperparathyroidism
High PTH
High Ca
Low PO4
Bone loss
How do you treat hyperparathyroidsim
Surgery
What happens in secondary hyperparathyroidism
Diet induced
Low Ca
Low PTH
Bone loss
What happens during Hypervitaminosis
Suppressed PTH
High Ca and PO4
Bone breakdown
used in rodenticides
How to differentiate between 1, 2 hyperparathyroidism, and hypervitaminosis D
1: Increase in serum calcium. High PTH
2: Low serum calcium. High PTH
Hyp D: High serum Ca. Low PTH
What happens in hypercalcemia of malignancy
Hypercalcemia
Low PTH
What happens in primary hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia
High PTH
What happens in hypervitaminois D do
Hypercalcemia
low PTH
How do you get calcium in
Intestinal absorption, bone resorption
