Adrenal Glands Flashcards
Characteristics of medulla
Makes epinephrine (more important) and norepinephrine Not essential for life
What is the precursor catecholamine
tyrosine
Where are catecholamines produced and stored
Chromaffin cells
When are catecholamines released
Immediately upon stimulation
How long are catecholamines half life
Very short
Where are catecholamines broken down
liver and kidney
What are catecholamines
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What are chromaffin cells
cells that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
What are vascular effects of epinephrine
constrict peripheral, dilate skeletal, and cardiac
What are the vascular effects of norepinephrine
General vasoconstrictor
Cardiovascular effects of epinephrine
Increases heart rate and force of contraction
Increase blood pressure
What does E and NE do to respiration
increase rate and depth of respiration
What does E and NE do to skeletal muscle
Increase strength of contraction
Effects of catecholamines on blood glucose and free fatty acids
Raise levels
Effect of E and NE on glycogenolysis
increase
E and NE effects on adipose tissue
lipolysis
E and NE effects on insulin
inhibits insulin secretion
What are some controller of adrenal medulla activity
stress, trauma, low temperature, and severe hypoglycemia
Why do hormones act different in different areas
There are different types of receptors
What is pheochromocytoma
Chromaffin cell tumor
Excess levels of catecholamines
Malignant
old dogs
What are some symptoms of excess adrenal medulla secretions
Hypertension
panting
trachycarcia
muscle wasting
What is multiple endocrine neoplasia (men)
Autonomous and excess secretion of more than one hormome
What are the two parts of the adrenal glands
Medulla and cortex
What are two hormones made from tyrosine
Norepinephrine and epinephrine
