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Endocrine (updated 2016) > 04 Hypothalamus > Flashcards

04 Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

What does Gonadotropin releasing hormone act on

A

Luteotropes and folliculotrops
stimulates AP production of FSH and LH
*very similar across species

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2
Q

What does dopamine do

A

acts on lactotrophs to inhibit AP production of prolactin

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3
Q

What regulates ADH?

A

Osmoreceptors
blood vol
stress
circadian rhythm

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4
Q

What stimulates oxytocin production

A

suckling

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5
Q

Does the neurohypophysis release or synthesize OT and ADH

A

Neurohypophysis releases Oxytocin (OT) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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6
Q

Primary function of hypothalamus

A

site of hormone production

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7
Q

What does growth hormone inhibitory hormone act on

A

Somatotrophs

inhibits AP production of GH

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8
Q

What is the target of prolactin

A

milk producing cells

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9
Q

What does GnRH do

A

Stimulate AP production of FSH and LH

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10
Q

What is the only hormone under inhibitory control

A

Prolactin is inhibited by domaine

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11
Q

What does Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) do

A

Acts on corticotrophs to stimulate AP production of ACTH

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12
Q

What does oxytocin do

A

stimulate smooth muscle contraction uterine contraction and milk let down

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13
Q

What is the target of oxytocin

A

Muscle cells

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14
Q

What does prolactin do

A

stimulate milk production

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15
Q

What does growth hormone releasing hormone act on

A

Somatotrophs

Stimulates AP production of Growth hormone (GH)

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16
Q

What does ADH to blood pressure

A

Increases blood pressure

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17
Q

How similar is GnRH across species

A

Very similar in different species

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18
Q

What is oxytocin’s role in males

A

Unclear
secreted during ejaculation
Promotes contraction of ductus deferens

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19
Q

What does Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) do?

A

Acts on thyrotrophs of AP to stimulate TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

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20
Q

what is the primary function of posterior pituitary

A

Site of hormone storage and release

21
Q

How how are hormones transported from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary

A

Axons of neuroendocrine cells

22
Q

What does the hypothalamus communicate with?

A

Pituitary gland

23
Q

What is inhibits oxytocin

A

Progesterone

24
Q

What two important hormones does the neurohypopphysis secrete?

A 
Oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
25
Q

What kind of tissue is the hypothalamus composed of

A

neural

26
Q

What is another name for the anterior pituitary?

A

adenohypophysis

27
Q

What is another name for the posterior pituitary?

A

neurohypophysis

28
Q

What are the 3 parts of the adenohypophysis?

A

pars distalis
pars intermedia
pars tuberalis

29
Q

hypothalamus role

A

site of hormone production
secretion of regulating hormones (factors)
synthesis of hormones
- oxytocin
- ADH
communicates with the pituitary gland via the hypothalamic -hypophyseal nerve tract and hypophyseal portal system

30
Q

What type of cells produce hormones in the hypothalamus?

A

neuroendocrine cells

31
Q

How are hormones transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary?

A

hormones secreted by neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus

enter portal vessels and are transported to the anterior pituitary

32
Q

What is the structure and function of the neurohypophysis?

A

the posterior pituitary
an outgrowth of the hypothalamus composed of neural tissue
contains axons of neuroendocrine cells that project through the stalk from the hypothalamus
stores and releases: oxytocin and ADH

33
Q

What type of hormones are

A

a peptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus

34
Q

What is the function of oxytocin in females?

A

stimulates smooth muscle contraction

  • uterus = parturition
  • mammary glands = milk let down
35
Q

How is oxytocin regulated?

A

up-regulated by estrogen

inhibited by progesterone

36
Q

Describe the control of lactation

A

stimulus = suckling
induces hypothalamus to produce:
- prolactin (AP) > pituitary > milk production
- oxytocin (PP) > pituitary > milk release

37
Q

Describe the control of lactation

A

stimulus = suckling
induces hypothalamus to produce:
- prolactin (AP) > pituitary > milk production
- oxytocin (PP) > pituitary > milk release

38
Q

What diseases cause production or action of oxytocin to be inhibited?

A

none

39
Q

pitocin

A

synthetic analog of oxytocin
has a longer half life than oxytocin but still short so must be given repeatedly or continuously
used clinically to facilitate parturition and milk let-down

40
Q

What is ADH?

A

antidiuretic hormone
vassopressin

*similar across species

41
Q

What is the function of ADH?

A

acts on kidney tubules

  • decreases urine output
  • increases water resorption

acts on sudoriferous (sweat) glands
- decreases sweating

constricts arterioles to increase blood pressure

42
Q

Where are oxytocin and ADH produced and released?

A

synthesized by neurosecretory cells in hypothalamic nuclei

hormones are packed into secretory vesicles and travel to the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) via axons

43
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

more than one type abnormalities of ADH production (common) or response (rare)

lack of responsiveness to ADH
Excessive urination, dehydration, and thirst

44
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

more than one type abnormalities of ADH production (common) or response (rare)

lack of responsiveness to ADH
Excessive urination, dehydration, and thirst

45
Q

What hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus? What type are they?

A

OXY, ADH

TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH/GHIH, Dopamine

Peptide hormones

46
Q

What is the hypothalmus

A

region of the brain (diencephalon)
lies below the third ventricle at base of brain
important regulator of endocrine action

47
Q

What is the pituitary gland (hypophysis)?

A

endocrine gland connected to the hypothalamus by infundibulum (stalk containing nerves and small blood vessels)

48
Q

hypothalmic releasing and inhibiting hormones

A

produced and released in the hypothalamus
enter portal vessels and are transported to adenohypophysis

stimulate discrete cell types within anterior pituitary to secrete additional hormones

TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH/GHIH, DA

49
Q

What hormones produced by the hypothalamus are highly conserved across species?

A

ADH
GnRH
CRH

Endocrine (updated 2016) (19 decks)

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