03 Hormone diseases

Question 1

How do you treat excess hormone production?

Answer 1

surgery
selective ablation with drugs (adrenal)
selective ablation with radionuclides (thyroid)
drugs that block hormone production (ex thyroid)
drugs that block hormone action (anti-estrogens, anti-androgens)

Question 2

What are the mechanisms of endocrine disease

Answer 2

hormone excess
hormone deficiency
hormone resistance (problems with receptors)

Question 3

What is the most common endocrine problem

Answer 3

Hormone deficiency

Question 4

What is a major example of hormone deficiency

Answer 4

Autoimmune attack, Type 1 Diabetes

body targets and attacks cells that make insulin

Question 5

What are the 3 questions for a veterinarian regarding hormones and disease?

Answer 5

What can go wrong?
Can you fix it?
Can you treat it?

Question 6

What are the causes of hormone deficiency?

Answer 6

can be due to a destructive process in the gland in which an insufficient amount of hormone is produced

infection
infarction
physical compression / destruction by tumor growth
autoimmune attack (Type I diabetes)
genetic defects in production
inactivating mutations of receptors
alterations in receptor number and function

Question 7

What is an example of hormone deficiency caused by genetic defects in hormone production?

Answer 7

congenital GH deficiency

common in german shepherds

Question 8

how do you treat hormone deficiency?

Answer 8

hormone replacement

Question 9

What are the common diseases you will treat as a vet using hormone replacement?

Answer 9

hypothyroidism 
diabetes mellitus (insufficiency of adrenal steroids)

major aspect of veterinary practice especially small animal

Question 10

What is an example of hormone deficiency caused by inactivating mutations of receptors?

Answer 10

Testicular Feminization Syndrome
Laron Dwarfism
Thyroid Hormone Resistance

Question 11

What are causes of hormone excess?

Answer 11

hormone may be overproduced by gland that normally secretes it, or by a tissue that is not an endocrine organ

malignant transformation of non-endocrine tissue causes dedifferentiation and ectopic production of hormonally active factors (anal sac tumors)

Question 12

What hormone can be deficient without resulting in disease?

Answer 12

calcitonin

Question 13

What are examples of endocrine gland tumors that produce hormone in an unregulated manner?

Answer 13

Cushing’s syndrome
primary hyperthyroidism

anal sac tumors in dogs produce parathyroid hormone-related protein

Question 14

What is a classic example of an endocrine disease that alters receptor number and function?

Answer 14

Type II diabetes

problem with receptors