Calcium Flashcards
calcium range
9-11
where is calcium stored?
bones
function of calcium
bones
blood
beats
found in 3 forms
bound
ionized (50%)
complexed
what does ionized ca+ do?
-activate body chemicals reaction
-muscle contractions and relaxation
-promote transmission of nerve impulse
-cardiac contractility and automacitiy
-formation of prothrombin
what regulates ca+?
PTH
calcitonin
phosphate
vitamin D
Hypocalcemia causes
Low PTh
Oral intake inadequate
Wound drainage
Celiacs, crohns, corticosteroids
Acute pancreatitis
Low vit D levels
Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms
Confusion
Reflexes hyperactive
Arrhythmias
Muscle spasms - tetany
Positive trousseaus
Signs of Chvosteks
Trousseaus sign is a spasm where?
hand
chvosteks sign is a spasm where
facial nerve (cheek)
hypocalcemia cardiac effects
-prolonged QT interval
-prolonged ST segment
-decreased cardiac contractility
-decreased sensitivity to digoxin
hypocalcemia lab data
ca+ <9
albumin/protein level
PTH level
Mg and Phos levels
hypocalcemia medical treatment
-acute symptomatic low Ca is an emergency - requires prompt admin of IV Ca+
-10% Ca-gluconate (severe)
-Ca-Cl
-oral Ca+ or Vit D
hypocalcemia nursing interventions
-identify pt at risk
-seizure precautions
-monitor airway, ECG
-educate pt on Ca+ loss and risks and Ca+ rich foods
hypercalcemia causes
Hyperparathyroidism
Increased intake of Ca
Glucocorticoids usage
Hyperthyroidism
Calcium excretion w/ thiazide diuretics and renal failure, bone cancer
Adrenal insufficiency (addisons)
Lithium usage (affects parathyroid)
