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Lower Limb Bones > Calcaneus > Flashcards

Calcaneus Flashcards

1
Q

Dimensions of Calcaneus

A

Strongest bone
Rectangular
Elongated anterior-posterior
Width = height = 50% of Length

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2
Q

Shape of Dorsal surface

A

concave front to back

Convex side to side

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3
Q

Facets of anterior third of dorsal calcaneal surface

A

Anterior facet - lies close to middle facet (often joined)
Middle facet - supported by sustentaculum tali
Articulate with talus

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4
Q

Calcaneal sulcus

A

Deep depression on anterior third of dorsal calcaneus between middle/posterior facet (middle third)
Combines with deep groove of plantar surface of talus to form tarsal sinus and tarsal canal

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5
Q

Tarsal canal

A

medial to tarsal sinus

Directed anterolateral and continuous with tarsal sinus

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6
Q

Which ligament lies within tarsal canal

A

Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

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7
Q

Tarsal sinus location

A

lies at lateral end of tarsal canal

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8
Q

Ligaments attached to tarsal sinus (7)

A 
Extensor digitorum brevis
Inferior extensor retinaculum
Inferior peroneal retinaculum
cervical ligament
bifurcate ligament
dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament
lateral calcaneocuboid ligament
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9
Q

Middle third of dorsal calcaneal surface

A

contains posterior articular facet

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10
Q

Posterior articular facet

A

oval shaped

Largest of 3 facets

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11
Q

Posterior third of dorsal calcaneal surface

A

smooth nonarticular area with numerous vascular foramina

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12
Q

Ligaments attaching to posterior third of dorsal calcaneal surface (2)

A

Posterior talocalcaneal ligament

Fibulocalcaneal ligament

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13
Q

Plantar calcaneal surface

A 
Convex from side to side
Wider posteriorly (triangular)
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14
Q

Calcaneal tuberosity

A

Posterior limit of plantar surface
Depressed in middle
Prolonged into lateral and medial process on each side

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15
Q

Lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity attachments (4)

Posterolateral calcaneal tuberosity

A

Abductor digiti quinti
Lateral head of quadratus plantae
Long plantar ligament
Plantar aponeurosis

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16
Q

Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity attachments (7)

posteromedial calcaneal tuberosity

A 
Broader and larger 
Abductor hallucis 
Medial head of quadratus plantae
Long plantar ligament
Plantar aponeurosis
Flexor retinaculum
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti quinti
17
Q

Middle depression attachments (2)

A

Long plantar ligament

Abductor digiti quinti

18
Q

Anterior calcaneal tuberosity

A

located near anterior border of plantar calcaneus

Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar) attaches here

19
Q

Anterior calcaneal surface

A

Smallest surface

Contains triangular facet for cuboid

20
Q

Triangular facet of anterior calcaneus

A

Articulates with cuboid
Convex transversely
Concave vertically
Saddle shaped

21
Q

What attaches to medial margin of triangular facet of anterior calcaneus

A

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring)

22
Q

Posterior calcaneal surface

A

forms prominence of heel

contains three areas separated by superior and inferior horizontal lines

23
Q

Superior posterior calcaneal surface

A

smooth

covered by bursa lying deep to tendo calcaneus

24
Q

Middle posterior calcaneal surface

A

Contains rough area for attachment of tendo calcaneus and plantaris (plantaris attaches medially or they attach together)

25
Q

Inferior posterior calcaneal surface

A

rough

covered by fatty fibrous tissue

26
Q

Lateral calcaneal surface

A

broader posteriorly than anteriorly
most vulnerable surface
Contains 1-3 tubercles: retrotrochlea eminence, peroneal trochlea, 3rd tubercle

27
Q

Retrotrochlear eminence

A

most constant feature
Located in middle 1/3 of lateral surface
lies directly behind peroneal trochlea
Due to bony trabeculae within calcaneus that fan out from articular surface

28
Q

Peroneal trochlea

A

ridge of bone formed by groove for tendon of peroneus longus
present 33% of time
Lies anterior to retrotrochlear eminence
Groove for tendon of peroneus longus lies inferior and posterior
Rarely: second groove located superior and anterior to peroneal trochlea formed by peroneus brevis

29
Q

What attaches to peroneal trochlea

A

deep fibers of inferior peroneal retinaculum

30
Q

Third tubercle of lateral calcaneus

A

Located posterior and superior to retrotrochlear eminence

31
Q

Ligaments associated with third tubercle

A

calcaneofibular ligament attaches when tubercle is present

lateral talocalcaneal ligament attaches just anterior and superior to calcaneofibular ligament (partially overlies LTCL)

32
Q

Medial calcaneal surface

A

deeply concave

contains plantar nerves and vessels within hollow

33
Q

Attachments to medial calcaneal surface

A

Medial head of quadratus plantae is more extensive here than on medial process of plantar surface

34
Q

Sustentaculum tali

A

shelf-like projection from medial surface
superiorly - articulates with talus
Inferiorly - grooved by tendon of flexor hallucis longus

35
Q

Structures attached to sustentaculum tali (4)

A

tibiocalcaneal ligament (part of deltoid)
medial talocalcaneal ligament
recurrent band of tibialis posterior (partial)
plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

Lower Limb Bones (8 decks)

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