CAD Medications

Question 1

what are four main classes of cholesterol lowering drugs for cad

Answer 1

1 statins
2 bile acid sequestrants 3 nicotinic acid
4 fibrates or fibric acid derivatives

Question 2

what are three names for statins

Answer 2

1 lovastatin

2 pravastatin 3 simvastatin

Question 3

other information about statins

Answer 3

1. statins are the first line medication for treating hyperlipidemia 2. statins lower LDL levels
2. statins increase HDL levels
3. may cause myopathy
4. Patient should report muscle weakness or brown urine.
5. may increase liver enzymes.

Question 4

name three bile acid sequestrants and their mechanism of action.

Answer 4

1. Cholestyramine
2. Colestipol
3. Colesevelam
   Colesevelam
   mechanism of action is that it decreases LDL levels by binding bile acids in intestines, reducing their reabsorption and cholesterol production in the liver

Question 5

bile acid sequestrants indications

Answer 5

1. Combination therapy

2. Women who are or want to get pregnant

Question 6

RN implications and patient teaching related to bile acid sequestrants

Answer 6

1. Colest tyramine and Calista pole are powders, mix with 4-6 ounces of water or juice
2. Administer 1-2 times daily with meals
3. Report constipation, gIrl distress, nausea or vomiting, unexplained weight loss black tarry stools, sudden back pain. Encourage increase fluids
4. Report and teach constipation, GI distress, nausea or vomiting, unexplained weight loss black tar east tools, sudden back pain increase fluids

Question 7

Nicotinic acid or niacin mechanism of action

Answer 7

1. Lowers LDL cholesterol and triglycerides

2. Increases HDL

Question 8

RN implications related to nicotinic acid

Answer 8

1. Give PO with meals and cold beverage to decrease GI upset
2. caution in patients with liver disease, peptic ulcer, gout, and diabetes mellitus type 2
3. Monitor BG, uric acid, liver function

Question 9

patient teaching related to nicotinic acid

Answer 9

1. monitor for flushing of the face, neck, or ears within 2 hours.
2. alcohol may worsen effects.
3. Report weakness or dizziness upon standing
4. change positions slowly

Question 10

name three vibronic acid derivatives and their mechanism of action

Answer 10

1. Gemfibrozil
2. Fenofibrate
3. Clofibrate
   lowers triglycerides slightly. blocks triglyceride synthesis.
   used in combination with statins

Question 11

RN implications related to fibric acid derivatives

Answer 11

1. Monitor LDL and VLDL, electrolytes, BG, liver enzymes, renal function, CBC.
   2 months of treatment may be required.
   Rebound may occur in months 2 & 3

Question 12

patient teaching related to fibric acid derivatives

Answer 12

1. Take with meals to decrease GI upset.
2. Report flu like symptoms such as fatigue, muscle aching, shortness of breath.
3. Do not use med if you are pregnant.
4. Do not stop taking drug abruptly

Question 13

name 2 oral antiplatelet medications

Answer 13

aspirin and clopidogrel

Question 14

what is aspirin mechanism of action

Answer 14

mechanism of action antiplatelet drugs suppress platelet aggregation in arteries, preventing the development of an arterial thrombosis. Blocks different platelet activation pathways to inhibit platelet aggregation and clot formation

Question 15

what are nursing responsibilities related to aspirin

Answer 15

1. Inquire about history of hemorrhage, GI bleeds, peptic ulcer disease or bleeding tendency
2. monitor for bruising, petechiae I, purpura, and apparent or occult bleeding.
3. Do not administer aspirin with warfarin

Question 16

what should I educate my patient about aspirin

Answer 16

1. Take aspirin with food or milk
2. Do not use NSAIDs
3. report unusual bruising or excessive bleeding