CAC Flashcards
What is the process called where pyruvate is oxidized under aerobic conditions?
Respiration
It is often referred to as cellular respiration in biochemistry.
What is the initial fuel molecule that starts cellular respiration?
Glucose or another fuel molecule such as a fatty acid.
What compound do glucose and other fuel molecules get oxidized to during cellular respiration?
Acetyl-CoA.
What is generated along with CO2 during the citric acid cycle?
NADH or FADH2.
What process yields ATP from NADH and FADH2 in the mitochondria?
Oxidative phosphorylation.
How many phases are there in cellular respiration?
Three phases.
What is the first step of the citric acid cycle when acetyl-CoA enters?
Condensation reaction with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
What is the significance of the ΔG’o = -33.4 kJ/mol in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
Indicates a highly spontaneous reaction.
What is the name of the enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH).
What is produced during the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate in the citric acid cycle?
NADH and the first loss of CO2.
What is the purpose of the citric acid cycle?
To convert acetyl-CoA to energy molecules that can be stored and used.
Fill in the blank: The citric acid cycle is also known as the ______.
Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
What is produced in Step 5 of the citric acid cycle?
GTP.
What is the final product of the citric acid cycle that can accept another acetyl group?
Oxaloacetate.
How many NADH are produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
Two NADH.
What is the total ATP equivalent produced from the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule?
Up to 32 ATP molecules.
True or False: The complete oxidation of glucose yields energy primarily as heat.
False.
What does each FADH2 yield after entering the oxidative phosphorylation process?
About 1.5 ATP.
What happens to the CoA during the condensation reaction in the citric acid cycle?
It is recycled in the cell.
What type of enzyme is fumarase, which converts fumarate to malate?
Lyase enzyme.
What is the significance of the stepwise reaction series in the citric acid cycle?
Permits cells to convert food into storable and usable energy.
