Glycolysis Flashcards
What is the primary starting material for carbohydrate degradation?
Glucose
Other carbohydrates like fructose and mannose can also provide starting material.
What is the end product of carbohydrate degradation?
Pyruvate
What is the main process for glucose processing?
Glycolysis
How many steps are there in glycolysis?
10 steps
What are the two phases of glycolysis?
- Preparatory phase
- Payoff phase
What occurs during the preparatory phase of glycolysis?
Energy is invested to prepare glucose for cleavage.
What is the main product of the payoff phase in glycolysis?
NADH, ATP, and two molecules of pyruvate
What enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose in reaction 1?
Hexokinase
What is the G’o value of the coupled phosphorylation process in reaction 1?
-16.7 kJ/mol
True or False: Reaction 2 of glycolysis is irreversible.
False
What type of reaction occurs in reaction 2 of glycolysis?
Equilibrium reaction
In reaction 3, what is added to glucose from ATP?
Another phosphate group
What are the two three-carbon compounds produced in the fourth step of glycolysis?
- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP)
- Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)
What happens to DHAP in step five of glycolysis?
It is converted to GAP.
What is produced in step six of the payoff phase?
Two NADH molecules
What type of phosphorylation occurs in reaction 7 of glycolysis?
Substrate-level phosphorylation
What is the final product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
What is the net energy gain from one glucose molecule during glycolysis?
2 ATP net and 2 NADH
Under anaerobic conditions, what is pyruvate converted to?
Lactate
What is the process called that extracts energy as ATP without consuming O2?
Fermentation
List some products of fermentation.
- Pickles
- Soy sauce
- Sauerkraut
- Yogurt
What is the significance of glycolysis for organisms?
It provides energy in the form of NADH and ATP.
