Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is bioenergetics?
The study of how nutrients provide energy for organisms.
Where are carbohydrates generally stored in cells?
In the cytosol.
What type of cells store lipids?
Adipocytes (fat cells).
What are anabolic reactions?
Reactions that produce biological molecules.
What are catabolic reactions?
Reactions that break down biomolecules.
What is the common intermediate produced from the degradation of carbohydrates and lipids?
Acetyl-CoA.
What is metabolic flux?
The rate at which a compound flows through a metabolic pathway.
What happens to glucose during glycolysis?
glucose is broken down into pyruvate.
What is the primary source of energy in the cell?
ATP.
What is the function of integral proteins in cellular metabolism?
To transport specific molecules across the lipid bilayer.
Fill in the blank: The acetyl group in Acetyl-CoA is a _______ breakdown product.
two-carbon.
What does a negative free-energy change (G) indicate?
The process is spontaneous and favorable.
What is the role of ATP in cellular reactions?
To power reactions that are not favorable.
What is the difference between NADH and FADH2?
FADH2 has a slightly different structure, allowing it to interact with different proteins.
True or False: Acetyl-CoA can be derived only from carbohydrates.
False.
What is the process of converting ATP to ADP called?
Enzymatic breakdown.
What type of reactions do metabolic pathways consist of?
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
What is the advantage of having a common molecule like Acetyl-CoA?
Cells can continue to extract energy from the molecule regardless of its source.
What molecules can move across the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
Pyruvate, ADP, and ATP.
Fill in the blank: Transporters move only _______ across the membrane.
one molecule or type of molecule.
What is the role of the electron transport chain (ETC)?
To generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.
What is coupling in the context of ATP usage?
Connecting the energy harnessed from breaking ATP bonds to a process that would not otherwise occur.
Which process occurs in the interior of the mitochondria?
Conversion of acetyl-CoA to ATP.
What is the role of NADH and FADH2
NADH and FADH2 bring electrons and protons to the electron transfer chain(etc generates atp)
