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Pulmonology > CABS: Obstructive Lung Diseases > Flashcards

CABS: Obstructive Lung Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Atelectasis is:

A

squished or collapsed alveolar

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2
Q

Atelectasis causes

A

V/Q mismatch
(ventilation/ perfusion)

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3
Q

Ventilation =

A

tidal volume - dead space * RR

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4
Q

Perfusion =

A

CO

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5
Q

Atelectasis is associated with

A

Compression
Obstruction
Decreased surfactant

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6
Q

Atelectasis presentation

A

typically asymptomatic
may have SOB, cough, fever, elevated WBC

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7
Q

Obstructive Lung Diseases are

A

states in which it is difficult for the pt to get air OUT of the lung

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8
Q

Obstructive lung diseases examples are

A

COPD
Emphysema
Asthma
mechanical obstruction
ect..

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9
Q

COPD, unlike asthma, the changes are

A

irreversible

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10
Q

________ FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive patterns

A

decreased/ lowered

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11
Q

Flow volume loop shows

A

one respiratory cycle

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12
Q

Restrictive lung diseases are

A

a state in which it is difficult for the patient to get air IN to the lung

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13
Q

Restrictive lung disease examples

A

ILD
Kyphosis
obesity
ect..

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14
Q

Emphysema is

A

a progressive destruction of alveolar membranes and dilation of distal airways
Bronchioles collapse more readily

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15
Q

Emphysema is more commonly associated with

A

smoking

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16
Q

Emphysema pathophysiology

A

pollutant inhaled
macrophage engulf the foreign substance
inflammatory activation
increased WBC - WBC release proteases
break down connective tissue surrounding the alveoli

17
Q

Elastin typically helps

A

maintain shape and prevent collapse

18
Q

decreased elastin in emphysema can lead to

A

increased airway collapse
air unable to get out during expiration – leading to air trapping

19
Q

what part of the autonomic system causes bronchoconstriction

A

Parasympathetic

20
Q

bleb is formed

A

tiny collapsed alveoli collection

21
Q

bula is formed

A

blebs that collect together

22
Q

_______ appearance shows with emphysema imaging

A

honeycomb

23
Q

Emphysema presentation

A

dyspnea
PROLONGED EXPIRATORY PHASE
wheezing
barrel shaped chest
accessory breathing
decreased FEV1/FVC ratio

24
Q

Chronic bronchitis is a obstructive airflow secondary to

A

thick mucus, mucus plugging

25
Q

Chronic bronchitis is most commonly associated with

A

smoking

26
Q

Pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis

A

exposure will cause irritation/ inflammation
cellular damage, ciliary damage
over production of mucus
thickened airways and air trapping

27
Q

Chronic bronchitis presentation

A

dyspnea - worse with exertion
decreased FEV1/FCV ratio
Lots of complications - pneumonia

28
Q

Bronchiectasis is

A

considered a COPD but not - is an abnormal dilation of the bronchi
may be genetic or associated with changes after infection

29
Q

Asthma is

A

chronic reversible inflammatory condition
airways constrict secondary to inhalation of some noxious stimuli

30
Q

Bronchiectasis presentation

A

productive cough
foul smelling sputum, purulent
hemoptysis

31
Q

Common triggers of asthma

A

allergens
cold
exercise
illness
pets
stressed/ anxiety
etc

32
Q

asthma pathophysiology

A

trigger activated activation of dendritic cells
activated T cells and releases interleukins
activation of mast cells
histamine production

33
Q

inflammatory mediators in asthma cause

A

vasodilation - increased permeability leading to mucosal edema
histamines - causing bronchial smooth muscle bronchoconstriction –> air trapping

34
Q

Asthma presentation

A

wheezing
chest feels tight
cough
prolonged expiration
hyper-expansion

35
Q

Complications of asthma

A

chronic complications associated with repetitive cellular damage – fibrosis

36
Q

Cystic fibrosis is an

A

autosomal recessive abnormality resulting in mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR protein) on chromosome 7

37
Q

CFTR protein is

A

a chloride transport protein of the exocrine glands (increased level of chloride in sweat)

38
Q

When there is an alteration of the CFTR protein

A

change in water concentration/ movement –>
thickening of the secretions (dehydrated) –> mucus plugs, increased proteases

Pulmonology (18 decks)

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