CABS: Infectious Pulmonary Disorders Flashcards
Pneumonia is
infection within the lungs
Plasma leaks into the alveoli causing edema which leads to
decreased perfusion
Aspiration pneumonia is m/c in pts with
decreased cough reflex
microaspiration is m/c causes of
increased bacterial load within the lungs
ie. GERD
most common PNE
strep. pneumoniae
associated with 65% of CAP
types of PNE
CAP
Hosp acquired
Vent acquired
Smoking decreases
ciliary function - allowing for colonization in alveoli
functionality of mucosa of the resp system
ssx PNE
cough
hypoxemia
tachycardia
SOB
Types of PNE described on Xray
Interstitial PNE or lobar PNE
interstitial PNE is most likely viral or bacterial
viral
PNE can lead to
scarring/ fibrosis
PNE – lung injury (hypoxemia) –>
ARDS
PNE – bacteremia (organ infection – organ injury or dysfunction) –>
Sepsis
Aspiration PNE is most associated with
acid reflux
impaired consciousness
impaired cough reflex
impaired swallowing
mycobacteria most commonly causes what two infections
TB
leprosy
How to test for mycobacteria
acid fast stain
Clinical presentation of TB
cough
hemoptysis
pleuritic pain
night sweats
wt loss
fatigue
fever/chills
TB infection steps
lives in macrophage
body walls off
inside necrosis - pH drops
will rupture the walled off area and reactivate later
TB infectious stages
primary TB (initial sx after exposure, granuloma is formed)
progressive primary TB (new TB infection or newly active disease)
latent TB (walled off)
reactivation
TB skin test will be hypersensitive during the (what part of TB)
initial infection
Treatment for Bronchitis
Bronchodilator
no abx because it is usually viral
Bronchitis is
inflammatory resp in the lower resp tract - affects the bronchi
What is the m/c cause of bronchitis
RSV
Epiglottitis is
inflammation of the epiglottis (hard to get air through)
What sound will epiglottitis cause
stridor
where do we usually see epiglottis
older generation that is weaning off of some of their immunizations (H flu m/c)
stridor is
inflammation that leads to turbulent air movement
airway obstruction
Presentation of epiglottitis
ST
dyspnea
fever
cough
dysphagia
hot potato voice
stridor drooling
triad for epiglottitis
drooling
dysphagia
distress
Bordetella Pertussis causes
pertussis (whooping cough)
pertussis toxin causes
histamine sensitization
increased insulin synthesis
promotes lymphocytes production but inhibits phagocytosis
pertussis (whooping cough) stages
catarrhal stage (pt is most contagious, URI with fever mild cough)
paroxysmal stage (coughing fits, “whoop”)
convalescent stage (pt is no longer contagious, fits are less frequent)
