CABS Bladder and Urinary Pathophysiology Flashcards
What is a urinary tract infection?
Inflammation/infection of the epithelium of the urinary tract
What is the most common bacteria causing a UTI?
E. coli
What floras are UTI’s associated with?
GI Flora (E. coli, staph, klebsiella, pseudomonas)
Vaginal Flora (candida)
Why are UTI’s more common in females?
Secondary to the proximity to anus and length of the urethra
What blood types have an increase risk of UTI’s?
Group B and AB
Where is a common location that renal stones get stuck?
Ureterovesicular junction (UVJ)
What are the mechanisms in which urine tries to kill bacteria?
- Acidic
- High osmolality (allows cells to apoptosis)
- Uromodulin
- Uroepithelial secretions
What structure typically prevents reflux of urine back into the ureter?
UVJ
What are the common presenting symptoms with a UTI?
Frequency, urgency, dysuria, suprapubic discomfort
What is asymptomatic bacteriuria?
Bacteria in the urine but no true infection, no harm to GU tract except in pregnancy
Don’t need to treat unless pregnant
What is acute cystitis?
Inflammation of the bladder wall
What is interstitial cystitis?
Painful bladder syndrome
Sxs of UTI in sterile environment
What underlying conditions are associated with interstitial cystitis?
Fibromyalgia, IBS, chronic fatigue syndrome, HA, vulvodynia
What complications can be associated with interstitial cystitis?
May progress to fibrosis, hemorrhagic ulcers
What is the presentation of interstitial cystitis?
Similar to a UTI (> 6 months)
- Frequency
- Urgency
- Nocturia
- Chronic pain
*Can be associated with higher rates of depression
