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Renal and GU > Acid Base Disorders > Flashcards

Acid Base Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

With increase H+ what is the condition?

A

Acidosis

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2
Q

With decreased H+ what is the condition?

A

Alkalosis

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3
Q

What is the normal CO2 value?

A

35-45 mmHg

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4
Q

What is the normal Bicarb value?

A

22-26 mEq/L

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5
Q

What abnormalities exist in metabolism when a patient is acidotic?

A

Hyperkalemia

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6
Q

What abnormalities exist in metabolism when a patient is alkalotic?

A
  • Decreased push of protons into the cell
  • This means that the calcium, mag, K, are not getting pushed out of the cells so they can drop ECF
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7
Q

What abnormalities exist in the cardiovascular system when a patient is acidotic?

A
  • Decreased cardiac output
  • Vasodilation
  • Increased ectopic rhythms from unstable cellular function
  • Hyperkalemia
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8
Q

What abnormalities exist in the cardiovascular system when a patient is alkalotic?

A
  • Leads to excitability
  • Ventricular tachyarrhythmias
  • SVT
  • Hypokalemia
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9
Q

What abnormalities exist in the respiratory system when a patient is acidotic?

A
  • Tachypnea
  • Can drop CO2 to about 10 at lowest point
  • Right shift
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10
Q

What abnormalities exist in the respiratory system when a patient is alkalotic?

A
  • Low respiratory rate
  • Left shift
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11
Q

What abnormalities exist in the CNS when a patient is acidotic?

A
  • Decreases neurotransmitter release
  • Decreased mental status
  • Lethargic
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12
Q

What abnormalities exist in the CNS when a patient is alkalotic?

A
  • Increase action potentials
  • Seizures
  • Tetany
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13
Q

What is the only intracellular buffer?

A

Hemoglobin

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14
Q

What does MUDPILES stand for?

A

Metabolic acidosis

M - Methanlol
U - Uremia
D - DKA
P - Paraldaehyde
I - INH/Iron
L - Lactic Acid
E - Ethylee glycol
S - Salicylates

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15
Q

What is a normal anion gap?

A

8-15

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16
Q

What is a wide anion gap?

A

> 15

17
Q

Metabolic/Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis?

Patient is/has been vomiting?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

18
Q

Metabolic/Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis?

Patient is a diabetic?

A

Metabolic acidosis

19
Q

Metabolic/Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis?

Patient is a smoker/has COPD?

A

Respiratory acidosis

20
Q

Metabolic/Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis?

Patient has a history of liver disease?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

21
Q

Metabolic/Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis?

Patient with recent heavy ETOH use?

A

Metabolic acidosis

22
Q

Metabolic/Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis?

Patient has/had diarrhea?

A

Metabolic acidosis

23
Q

Metabolic/Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis?

Patient is tachypneic?

A

Respiratory alkolosis

24
Q

Metabolic/Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis?

Patient is hypotensive?

A

Metabolic acidosis

25
Q

Metabolic/Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis?

Patient is a post-respiratory/cardiac arrest?

A

Respiratory acidosis

26
Q

What is the gold standard for evaluating acid-balance?

A

ABG

27
Q

CO2 is the breakdown of what acid

A

Carbonic acid

28
Q

CO2 is the result of what metabolite metabolism

A

carbs and fat

29
Q

What is the treatment for respiratory acidosis?

A

Assist with ventilation
- Bronchodilators
- O2, Intubation

30
Q

What is the treatment for respiratory alkolosis?

A

Typically no additional treatment beyond treatment of underlying problem - need to slow breathing (slow minute ventilation if ventilated)

31
Q

What is the treatment for metabolic acidosis?

A

Insulin and volume resuscitation for DKA​

+/- Sodium bicarb if severe (pH<7.1, HCO3<6)

32
Q
A

Renal and GU (14 decks)

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