1,000 Ft View Renal Flashcards
The left kidney is slightly higher than the right because
The liver is in the way
What structures are included within the renal hilum?
Renal artery
Renal vein
Lymphatics
Nerves
Ureter
The kidneys are encased in what?
Renal fascia, keeps kidney in place against posterior abdominal wall
What is contained within the outer cortex?
Glomeruli, proximal tubules, some distal tubule
Can nephrons regenerate?
No
Kidney’s receive about how much of the normal cardiac output?
20-25%
The kidney is unique in that it has 2 sets of capillary beds, what are the two beds?
Glomerular and peritubular
What separetes the glomerular and peritubular capillary beds?
Efferent arterioles
What is the functional unit of the kidney that concentrates urine?
Nephron
What level of the medula is the loop of henle?
renal pyramid
Glomerular filtration filters through capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and the podocytes. These are all covered with __________ charged protein molecules that prevent proteinuria (proper filtration).
negative
What determines how much urine is made?
Oncotic pressure, vascular pressure will drive solutes from plasma into the glomerular space
What occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule?
Actively reabsorbs Na+ —> water follows
Na+ also helps with cotransport of other electrolytes –> reabsorbed into peritubular capillaries
During Na+ reasorption, it is exchanged for H+ which allows for the formation of?
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
The descending Loop of Henle helps with
water reabsorption
What protein is made in the Loop of Henle to defend off pathogens?
Tamm-Horsfall proteins
The external urethral sphincter is _______ muscle that has _______ control
skeletal, voluntary
What nerve innervates the external sphincter of the bladder and tells you to “keep it in”?
Pudendal nerve
What determines GFR?
Afferent and efferent arterioles
NSAIDs cause constriction of what arteriole leading to potential kidney damage?
Afferent
ACE/ARBs can dilate what arteriole?
Efferent arterole
Where is the justaglomerular apparatus located?
Area where the afferent arteriole is in contact with the ascending loop of Henle
What is the function of the justaglomerular apparatus?
Senses blood pressure and will help to regulate renin release –> granular cells sense stretch
What is the function of the Macula Densa?
- Modified epithelial cells that have chemoreceptor function at the end of the ascending thick limb of Henle
- Monitor NaCl concentration in DCT
If decrease= go renin!
If increase= renin will be suppressed
What will cause baroreceptor stimulation and release of catecholamines within the kidneys?
Systemic decrease in BP
