1,000 Ft View Renal

Question 1

The left kidney is slightly higher than the right because

Answer 1

The liver is in the way

Question 2

What structures are included within the renal hilum?

Answer 2

Renal artery
Renal vein
Lymphatics
Nerves
Ureter

Question 3

The kidneys are encased in what?

Answer 3

Renal fascia, keeps kidney in place against posterior abdominal wall

Question 4

What is contained within the outer cortex?

Answer 4

Glomeruli, proximal tubules, some distal tubule

Question 5

Can nephrons regenerate?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

Kidney’s receive about how much of the normal cardiac output?

Answer 6

20-25%

Question 7

The kidney is unique in that it has 2 sets of capillary beds, what are the two beds?

Answer 7

Glomerular and peritubular

Question 8

What separetes the glomerular and peritubular capillary beds?

Answer 8

Efferent arterioles

Question 9

What is the functional unit of the kidney that concentrates urine?

Answer 9

Nephron

Question 10

What level of the medula is the loop of henle?

Answer 10

renal pyramid

Question 11

Glomerular filtration filters through capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and the podocytes. These are all covered with __________ charged protein molecules that prevent proteinuria (proper filtration).

Answer 11

negative

Question 12

What determines how much urine is made?

Answer 12

Oncotic pressure, vascular pressure will drive solutes from plasma into the glomerular space

Question 13

What occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 13

Actively reabsorbs Na+ —> water follows
Na+ also helps with cotransport of other electrolytes –> reabsorbed into peritubular capillaries

Question 14

During Na+ reasorption, it is exchanged for H+ which allows for the formation of?

Answer 14

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Question 15

The descending Loop of Henle helps with

Answer 15

water reabsorption

Question 16

What protein is made in the Loop of Henle to defend off pathogens?

Answer 16

Tamm-Horsfall proteins

Question 17

The external urethral sphincter is _______ muscle that has _______ control

Answer 17

skeletal, voluntary

Question 18

What nerve innervates the external sphincter of the bladder and tells you to “keep it in”?

Answer 18

Pudendal nerve

Question 19

What determines GFR?

Answer 19

Afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 20

NSAIDs cause constriction of what arteriole leading to potential kidney damage?

Answer 20

Afferent

Question 21

ACE/ARBs can dilate what arteriole?

Answer 21

Efferent arterole

Question 22

Where is the justaglomerular apparatus located?

Answer 22

Area where the afferent arteriole is in contact with the ascending loop of Henle

Question 23

What is the function of the justaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 23

Senses blood pressure and will help to regulate renin release –> granular cells sense stretch

Question 24

What is the function of the Macula Densa?

Answer 24

• Modified epithelial cells that have chemoreceptor function at the end of the ascending thick limb of Henle
• Monitor NaCl concentration in DCT
  If decrease= go renin!
  If increase= renin will be suppressed

Question 25

What will cause baroreceptor stimulation and release of catecholamines within the kidneys?

Answer 25

Systemic decrease in BP