cab quiz 2

Question 1

Define schema. What role does assimilation OR accommodation play in schema development?

Answer 1

Definition- Mental images created by experiences that help organize knowledge. The more one learns, the more complex their schema becomes.
Accommodation- The process of your schema adapting and changing as new information is learned.

Question 2

Describe a study that supports schema. NAMPR

Answer 2

Name- Brewer & Treyens OFFICE
Method- Independent sample experiment
Aim- To investigate how schema influences memory and recall
Procedure- Participants told to wait in office for 35 seconds because they were running late (deception), then taken into another room to answer questions.
Group 1- Had to write down what they recalled from the office, then given list of 131 items and had to circle which ones were in the office (61 were in the office, 70 were not)
Group 2- Had to draw office
Group 3- Just given list
Results- Group one only:
29/30 recalled desk, chair, and wall
9/30 recalled books (there weren’t any in the office)
11/30 recalled skull (most offices don’t have a skull)

Question 3

Outline system one thinking. What brain region plays a critical role in system one thinking?

Answer 3

System 1 (Intuitive thinking)
Fast
Concerned with everyday decision making
Low effort
Prone to bias due to the use of heuristics
Brain region- Mesolimbic pathway (structures that produce dopamine)

Question 4

Outline system two thinking. What brain region plays a critical role in system two thinking?

Answer 4

System 2 (Rational thinking)
Slow
Complex decisions
High effort
Only humans have it
Brain region- Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Question 5

Describe a study that supports system one or two thinking.
NAMPR

Answer 5

Name- Stroop
Aim- Investigate effect of interfering word stimuli upon naming colors
Method- Repeated measure experiment
Procedure- Participants were shown a list of 100 color congruent words (ie. blue, orange, green, purple) & had to state the color of ink, then shown a list of 100 color incongruent words (ie. orange, purple, blue, green) & had to state color of ink. Each list was read through twice
Results-
Color congruent- 63.3 seconds
Color incongruent- 110.3 seconds

Question 6

Define one cognitive bias.

Answer 6

Bias- Anchoring bias
Definition- Tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information given when making a decision

Question 7

For the cognitive bias mentioned above, describe a supporting study.

Answer 7

Name- Kahneman & Tversky
Aim- Investigate effects of anchoring bias on mathematical calculations
Method- Independent sample experiment
Procedure- Two high school geometry classes were given 5 seconds to solve a math problem:
Class one- 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8 = ?
Class two- 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = ?
Results-
Class one- median answer of 512
Class two- median answer of 2,250
Actual answer- 40,320