C9.2 Flashcards
Why do longer chain hydrocarbons have a higher boiling point?
Because they have greater intermolecular forces
What physical property allows distillation to seperate different molecules?
Boiling point
What is viscosity?
Viscosity tells us the thickness of a fluid
What is the shortest alkene?
Ethene
What is the name given to groups of hydrocarbons?
Fractions
What is the formula of alkanes?
CnH2n+
What is fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is the process of separating crude oil into groups of hydrocarbons with similar numbers of carbon atoms. We call these groups of hydrocarbons “fractions”.
What is crude oil?
Crude oil is a finite resource that is found in the Earth’s crust. It is the remains of organisms that lived and died millions of years ago - mainly plankton which was buried in mud. Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. The carbon atoms in these molecules are joined together in chains and rings.
What is cracking?
Cracking is a reaction in which larger
saturated hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules, some of which are unsaturated.
What is a functional group?
Functional group is a group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of a compound
What does incomplete combustion produce?
Incomplete combustion is when there is a lack of oxygen ; this causes a toxic gas called carbon monoxide to be produced
What do alkanes do in bromine water?
They have no effect
What catalyst is needed for alkenes to react with hydrogen?
Nickel
What are the 2 changes of state that happen in fractional distillation?
- Evaporation
- Condensation
What are hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are moleucules made up only of hydrogen and carbon atoms.