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Pro Chem > C10 > Flashcards

C10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkene reaction with halogens

A

Alkene + Bromine —-> Halogenoalkane

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2
Q

What happens during incomplete combustion of alkenes?

A

This produces water, carbon monoxide and carbon (soot). This causes a smoky flame.

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3
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acid?

A

-COOH

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4
Q

What is a carboxylic acid?

A

The carboxylic acids are a homologous series of organic compounds . Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl functional group (-COOH). Carboxylic acids end in ‘-oic acid’.

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5
Q

What are esters?

A

Esters are formed by the condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. .The functional group (-COO) is known as the ester link. The main use of esters is for flavourings and perfumes, however they can also be used in the chemicals industry as solvents.

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6
Q

Example of esters

A

ethyl propanoate, propyl methanoate, propyl ethanoate, and methyl butanoate

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7
Q

Example of carboxylic acid

A

Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid and propanoic acid

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8
Q

Alcohol + Oxygen —->

A

Alcohol + Oxygen —-> Carbon Dioxide + Water

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9
Q

Sodium + Alcohol —->

A

Sodium + Alcohol —-> Sodium Alkoxide + Hydrogen
Sodium + Ethanol —> Sodium Ethoxide + Hydrogen

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10
Q

Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol —->

A

Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol —-> Ester

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11
Q

What is esterification?

A

Esters are produced when carboxylic acids are heated with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst. The catalyst is usually concentrated sulphuric acid.

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12
Q

What is seen when ethene is bubbled through bromine water?

A

Alkenes react with orange-brown bromine water and turn it colourless.

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13
Q

What is the word equation for fermentation to produce ethanol?

A

Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

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14
Q

Which carboxylic acid is produced when butanol is oxidised?

A

Butanoic acid

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15
Q

What is more reactive (alkanes or alkenes)?

A

Alkenes, this is because they have the carbon-carbon double bond

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16
Q

What happens during an alkene addition reaction?

A

A carbon-carbon double bond is opened up

17
Q

What is the name of the process of adding hydrogen atoms across a carbon-carbon double bond?

A

Hydrogenation

18
Q

What must be reacted together to give dibromopropane?

A

Propine and bromine water

19
Q

State the three stages of fractional distillation.

A

Evaporation, collection and condensation

20
Q

What explains why heavy fractions of crude oil do not make good fuels?

A
  • They do not igmite easily
  • they have low voltality
  • high boiling points
21
Q

Cracking heavy hydrocarbons is an example of what sort of reaction?

A

Thermal decomposition

22
Q

What gas is produced when alcohols and sodium are reacted together?

A

Hydrogen

23
Q

What are the products of fermentation?

A

Solution of ethanol and carbon dioxide

24
Q

What is produced when carboxylic acids react with carbonates?

A

Carbon dioxide, a salt and water

25
Q

State characteristics of carboxylic acids

A
  • react metals to form salt and hydrogen
  • react with bases to form salt and water
26
Q

Formula of ethyl ethanoate

A

C4H8O2

27
Q

To make an ester what is required?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Acid catalyst
  • Carboxylic acid
28
Q

What is the functional group of esters?

A

-COO-

29
Q

“oate” refers to what function group name?

A

ESTER

30
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

Chemicals within the same functional group

31
Q

What is the pH of an alcohol?

A

7

32
Q

What piece of apparatus apart from a gas syringe can be used to find the rate of production of a gas?

A

Upside-down measuring cylinder

33
Q

Functional group of alcohol

A

-OH

34
Q

Ideal conditions for fermentaion

A
  • absence of oxygen
  • 37 C
  • slightly acidic
35
Q

Why is ethene the first alkene?

A

In short, Alkenes start with Ethene, because there can be no double bond or triple bond present in a compund with single carbon atom.

36
Q

Alkene + Hydrogen

A

Alkene + Hydrogen —-> Alkane

37
Q

Formula for alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

38
Q

Alkene reaction with water (steam)

A

Alkene + Water (steam) —–> Alcohol

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