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Pro Chem > C9 > Flashcards

C9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What atoms do hydrocarbons contain?

A

Hydrogen and carbon atoms

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2
Q

What is the simplest hydrocarbon you can get?

A

Alkanes

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3
Q

What’s the alkanes formula?

A

CnH2n+2

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4
Q

What are alkenes apart of?

A

Homologous

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5
Q

What are alkenes?

A

Saturated compounds ( 4 single covalent bonds )

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6
Q

What are the first four alkanes

A

Methane,ethane,propane and butane

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7
Q

Formula for methane?

A

CH4

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8
Q

Formula for ethane?

A

C2H6

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9
Q

Formula for propane?

A

C3H8

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10
Q

Formula for butane?

A

C4H10

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11
Q

What happens as the chain gets longer?

A

Hydrocarbon properties change

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12
Q

The shorter the carbon chain…

A

More runny a hydrocarbon is

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13
Q

What is a charecteristic of a shorter carbon chain?

A

They are more volatile (lower boiling point)
More flammable the hydrocarbon is

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14
Q

What are short chain hydrocarbons used as?

A

Bottled gases

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15
Q

When does complete combistion occur?

A

When there’s plenty of oxygen

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16
Q

What is the waste product in complete combustion?

A

Carbon dioxide and water vapour

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17
Q

Hydrogen + oxygen =

A

Carbon dioxide + water + (energy)

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18
Q

During combustion what is oxidised?

A

Carbon and hydrogen

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19
Q

?

A

.

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20
Q

What is 1 example crude oil is used to make?

A

Fuels

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21
Q

How often is crude oil made?

A

Over a long period of time

22
Q

What type of fuel is a crude oil

A

A fossil fuel

23
Q

How is crude oil made?

A

From the remains of plants and animals that died million of years ago (plankton)

24
Q

Where can crude oil be found?

A

The remains from years ago which can drilled up from the rocks

25
Q

Whats the issue with fossil fuels?

A

They are non renewable fuels and they are being used up faster than being made. And one day they’ll run out

26
Q

Name some fossil fuels?

A

Coal, oil and gas

27
Q

What can fractional distilation be used to?

A

Seperate hydrocarbons

28
Q

What are crude oils?

A

A mixture of lots of different hydrocarbons (most alkenes)

29
Q

How are compounds in crude oils seperated?

A

1) The oil is heated and most of it turns to gas and the gases enter a fractionating column
2) In the column theres a temperature gradient
3) The longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points. They condense the liquid and drain early on. The shorter hydrocarbons have lower boiling points and condense and drain at the top of the column.
4) You finally end up with crude oil seperated in different fractions

30
Q

What does LPG mostly contain?

A

Propane and butane

31
Q

APR 3C

A

Cool

32
Q

APR 8C

A

Petrol

33
Q

APR 15C

A

Kerosene

34
Q

APR 20C

A

Disel oil

35
Q

Apr 40C

A

Heavy fuel oil or lubricating oil

36
Q

What element is Very hot

A

Bitumen

37
Q

What’s temperature gradient?

A

It’s hot at the bottom and cooler as you go up

38
Q

What is made from crude oil?

A

Diesel oil, kersesone, heavy fuel oil and LPG

39
Q

What does the petrochemical industry use the hydrocarbons from crude oil for?

A
  • feedstock to make new compounds for the use of polymers,solvents,lubricants and detergents
40
Q

What are all the products you get from crude oil an example of?

A

Organic compounds

41
Q

Why do you get a variety of products?

A

Carbon atoms can bond together to form the homologous series

42
Q

What does cracking mean?

A

Splitting up long chain hydrocarbons

43
Q

Why are short chain hydrocarbons good?

A

They’re flammable and make good fuels that are in high demand

44
Q

Why are long chain hydrocarbons unuseful?

A

They fom thick gloopy liquids

45
Q

How are the longer carbon atoms more useful?

A

By using cracking

46
Q

What does cracking also produce?

A

Alkenes

47
Q

What are alkenes?

A

They are used as a starting material to make other compounds and can be used to make polymers

48
Q

What type of reaction is cracking?

A

Thermal decomposition

49
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

Breaking molecules down by heating them

50
Q

What are the steps of thermal decomposition?

A

1) Heat the long chain hydrocarbons and turn them into gas(vapour)
2) the vapour is passed to a hot powered alaminium oxide catalyst

51
Q

Whats catalystic cracking?

A

The long chain molecules split apart on the surface of the catalyst

52
Q

Whats steam cracking?

A

Vaporise the hydrocarbon and mix them with steam and heat with a high temeprature

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