C11 Flashcards
What are the products of condensation polymerisation?
A condensation polymer + water
How are polyesters formed?
From the condensation polymerisation of a diol and dicarboxylic acid
Give examples of 4 natural polymers
- DNA
- Proteins
- Cellulose
- Starch
What are the monomers in a protein polymer molecule?
Amino acids
What is condensation polymerisation?
A chemical reaction in which monomers join together to produce a polymer and a small molecule such as water.
What must the monomers have in addition polymerisation and what are they called?
A C=C bond (Alkenes)
What must the monomers in a condensation polymerisation reaction have?
2 functional groups
What is the functional group for amino acids (amine group)?
-NH2
What is the simplest amino acid and name its formula?
glycine
What is an amino acid?
An organic compound that contains 2 functional groups (-COOH and -NH2)
What is a polymer made from proteins called?
Polypeptides
What are DNA monomers called?
Nucleotides
Describe DNA structure
DNA is made up of 2 polymer chains that are held together in a double helix. Each polymer chain can be made from 4 different monomers.
What is the purpose of DNA?
To carry all genetic information required for reproduction and growth
What are the 4 DNA bases?
- Adenine
- Cytosine
- Guanine
- Thymine
How are polyamides formed?
From 2 different monomers - diamine and dicarboxylic acid
What are polymers?
Polymers are very large molecules made when many smaller molecules (monomers) join together, end to end.
What are monomers?
Monomers are small reactive molecules, mostly organic, that can join with other similar molecules to form very large molecules (polymers).
What is addition polymerisation?
In addition polymerization, monomers react to form a polymer without the formation of by-products. Addition polymerizations usually are carried out in the presence of catalysts.
What happens to the bonds during addition polymerisation?
The C=C double bond in the alkene breaks open to allow the alkene molecules to join together to form a single product , so it is an example of an addition reaction.
What is a typical use for polythene?
packaging film, garbage bags, grocery bags, insulation for wires and cables
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA is an example of what type of polymer
Natural polymer
