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Pro Chem > C15 > Flashcards

C15 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is corrosion?

A

Chemical reaction between a metal and the environment which can affect its appearance and strength

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2
Q

Word equation for rust

A

iron + oxygen + water –> hydrated iron

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3
Q

Scientifc name for rust

A

Hydrated iron (III) oxide

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4
Q

What type of reaction is rusting?

A

Oxidation reaction

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5
Q

What 3 ways can be used to prevent rusting?

A
  • Physical barriers
  • Galvanisation
  • Sacrifical protection
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6
Q

What 3 things can be coated to iron or steel to prevent it rusting?

A
  • Paint
  • Oil or grease
  • Plastic
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7
Q

Useful properties of copper

A
  • conducts electricity well
  • malleable
  • conducts heat well
  • unreactive
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8
Q

What is an alloy of copper and zinc?

A

Brass

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9
Q

What are metals reacting with in the environment when they corrode?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Water
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10
Q

Examples of metal alloys

A
  • gold
  • steel
  • aluminium
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11
Q

What are ceramics?

A

Ceramics are non-metal solids with high melting points that arent made from carbon-based compounds

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12
Q

What type of glass is commonly used in kitchenware and chemical glassware?

A

Pyrex

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13
Q

2 types of glass ceramics

A
  • soda lime glass
  • pyrex
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14
Q

Conditions to produce low density poly(ethene)

A
  • moderate temperatures
  • catalyst
  • high pressure
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15
Q

Uses of LDPE

A
  • bags
  • bottles
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16
Q

How are clay ceramics made?

A

By shaping a wet clay and then heating in a furnace using a mould

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17
Q

Examples of clay cermaics

A
  • pottery
  • bricks
18
Q

What are composites?

A

Composites are made of one material embedded in another

19
Q

Name the raw material that is common to both soda-lime glass and borosillicate glass

A

Sand (SiO2)

20
Q

Examples of composites

A
  • wood
  • concrete
  • fibreglass
21
Q

What are the 2 materials in composites?

A
  • matrix (binder)
  • reinforcement
22
Q

What is the matrix in concrete?

A

cement

23
Q

Uses of HDPE

A
  • water tanks
  • drainpipes
24
Q

What are thermosoftening polymers?

A

Thermosoftening polymers contain individual polymer chains entwined together with weak forces between these chains.

25
Q

What type of polymers can be melted and remoulded?

A

Thermosoftening polymers

26
Q

What are thermosetting polymers?

A

Thermosetting polymers contain monomers that can form cross-links between the polymer chains, holding the chains together in a solid structure.

27
Q

Features of thermosetting polymers

A
  • Hard
  • Opaque
  • Good electrical and heat resistance
  • Brittle
28
Q

What do plants need nitrogen for?

A

To make proteins

29
Q

How do plants absorb nitrogen?

A

In the form of soluble nitrates from the soil

30
Q

Conditions used in the Haber Process

A
  • High pressure (200 atm)
  • Iron catalyst
  • 450 Celsius
31
Q

Equation for Haber Process

A

N2 + 3H2 –> 2NH3

32
Q

Reactants for Haber process

A
  • Nitrogen
  • Hydrogen
33
Q

What is the desired product of the Haber Process?

A

Ammonia

34
Q

What 3 elements do NPK fertilisers contain?

A
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosophorus
  • Potassium
35
Q

Why are formulated fertilisers better than manure?

A
  • odorless
  • increased availability
  • not as complex to use
36
Q

Why is ammonium nitrate so ideal for use in fertilisers?

A

It contains nitrogen from 2 source

37
Q

Main sources of soluble potassium

A
  • Potassium chloride
  • Potassium sulfate
38
Q

Phosphate Rock + Sulfuric Acid ——- ?

A

Single superphosphate

39
Q

State a source of nitrogen gas that is used in the Haber process

A

air

40
Q

Suggest 2 reasons why copper should not be disposed off in landfill sites

A
  • Copper can be reused/recycled
  • Copper is expensive

Pro Chem (15 decks)

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