C9: Sustainability and human development Flashcards
Sustainability definition
meeting the needs of the present without compromising ability of future generations to meet their needs
Economic sustainability definition
ensuring that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living + continue to rise in line with inflation and future living costs
identify the consideration of economic sustainability?
Industry innovation and diversity
job creation
economic growth
trade
consideration of economic sustainability: industry innovation and diversity
countries require range of industries to promote economic growth +stability
- LI and MI countries are reliant on subsistence farming which is significantly influenced by weather, meaning that unstable weather causes an unstable economy
- diversity of industries is needed for technological advancements and to ensure average incomes can be improved
consideration of economic sustainability: job creation
job creation is important so people can earn income –> avoid pvoerty –> contribute to country’s economy
as population grows, economic sustainability will mean more jobs are required so everyone will be able to work
consideration of economic sustainability: economic growth
economic sustainability requires sustained GNI grwoth to counter impact of inflation + ensure that gov can continue providing survives
- ensuring future economic growth requires not depleting natural resources for current industries, which can reduce ability of future generations to sustain economic growth
consideration of economic sustainability: trade
produers in LI and MI countries need to be able to trade their goods on global market to increase their income and country’s economy. However, producers are paid less than their product’s worth because they don’t have the resources to fund production processes that turn their raw materials into products –> continues poverty cycle
Fair trade aims to give greater opportunity for global trade, better working conditions and fair producer wages in LI and MI countries –> reduced poverty
social sustainability definition
creating an equitable society that meets needs of all citizens + can be maintained indefinitely
aim of social sustainability
uphold human rights human rights
everyone can participate in society + decisions that affect their lives
everyone can have equal access to resources
Identify the considerations for social sustainability?
elimination of poverty and provision of social protection systems
gender equality
access to safe and decent work conditions
promotion of political + legal rights
peace and security
consideration for social sustainability: elimination of poverty and provision of social protection systems
social systems provide vulnerable people with money while they’re unable to work –> increased access to essential resources –> lower poverty rate
consideration for social sustainability: gender equality
gender equality means more education people working –> contributing to society and participating in decisions of community (social sustainability) + promotes economic growth (economic sustainability)
consideration for social sustainability: access to safe and decent working conditions
means that everyone can access meaningful employment + children aren’t forced into labour
–> children can stay in school instead of working
–> fewer people forced into sex work, reducing risk of contracting STIs
–> working in safe jobs experience lower stress levels and higher levels of belonging
consideration for social sustainability: promotion of legal + political rights
- promoting awareness in government of issues affecting health of minority groups –> can help break poverty cycle + maintain social sustainability
- discrimination against women results in reduced ability to participate in community (eg. voting, driving) –> can lead to forced displacement
consideration for social sustainability: peace and security
increased peace and security from lack of war
–> gov can use financial resources to provide resources and services
–> environment isn’t destroyed –> increased access to food, healthcare, other services
–> can continue to work + gain education
–> people can work to reduce poverty
–> people are safe to address issues affecting minority groups’ health in gov
environmental sustainability definition
ensuring that natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future
consideration for environmental sustainability: biodiversity (definition + explanation)
Biodiversity: variety of organisms, their genes and their ecosystems
without biodiversity:
- less pollination –> less food availability
- less natural sources that are used for cooking, products (eg, wood, cotton)
- less sources available for medication
consideration for environmental sustainability: use of natural resources
sustainable use of renewable resources ensures that there’s sustained resources for production as well as preserves renewable resources for future generation
- allows future generations to earn income by using natural resources
- preserves environments that people can relax and relieve stress in (mental), find sense of peace (spiritual) and socialise (social)
consideration for environmental sustainability: waste removal and pollution
waste removal is needed to prevent contaminating resources and lower quality of resources produced by them
- ensures sustainable access to clean water
- reduces risk of disease since pollution is a breeding ground for pathogens
- reduced air pollution –> lower respiratory disease rates
- provides nutrient-rich soil –> allows food produce to grow –> food security
consideration for environmental sustainability: climate change
reducing climate change:
- stablises weather + rainfall patterns –> reduced rate and severity of natural disasters –> reduced injuries and deaths from them + maintains infrastructure
- stable sea levels –> people in land elevation won’t be displaced by floods + preserves fresh water sources
- reduced communicable disease rates since diseaese-carrying organisms won’t spread to other areas as environmental conditions won’t support their migration
- stable temperature –> survival of ecosystem –> provision of resources
definition of human development (need to know word for word)
Human development creates an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests. It is about expanding peoples’ choices and enhancing capabilities, having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their life
Elements of human development
- lead long and healthy lives
- lead productive and creative lives according to their needs and interests
- have access and knowledge and expand their choices and capabilities
- have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living
- participate in life of community
- participate in decisions that affect their lives
What is the human development index?
a tool that measures + ranks countries levels of social + economic development to estimate the human developed experienced
Identify the dimensions of HDI?
- a long and healthy life
- knowledge
- decent standard of living
Identify the indicators of HDI?
- life expectancy at birth
- mean years of schooling
- expected years of schooling
- GNI per capita
advantages of HDI
- takes into account more than just average income –> provides wider representation of HDI experienced
- HI data is easy to compare between countries since a single statistic is used relating to the dimensions and indicators
- effective in analysing progress in countries over time
- the focus on HDI has raised awareness of human development –> promotes policy changes
disadvantages of HDI
- HDI only reflects selected aspects of human development
–> does capture full extent of human development - HDI is still based on average income –> doesn’t represent inequalities in human development in a country
- h+wb isn’t considered in data
- HDI comparison between countries is difficult because of different methods used to measure HDI indicators
- human development has been associated with HDI dimensions –> neglects freedom, choices, capabilities aspect of human development
