C10: global trends in h+wb Flashcards
globalisation
the process where boundaries between countries are reduced or eliminated, allowing individuals/grousp to act on a different scale to create a global society by reducing barriers to trade, communication, transport
causes of rising sea levels
climate change –> global warming –> expansion of water when its heated + increased amount of water from melting of glaciers
impact of climate change and rising sea levels
- relocation of people living in coastal areas –> strain on existing infrastructure –> increased infectious diseases rate
- causes salt water to seep into underground freshwater sources –> lack of fresh drinking water –> increased poverty since people must pay more to access clean water
- causes salt water to seep into soil –> reduced food + animal produce due to increased salt in soil
- increased salt water creates unsuitable environment for coastal plants and lifelife to survive + erosion of coast used for habitat–> reduced biodiversity –> creates unsustainable food supply
climate change and changing weather patterns/extreme weather
- wamer temperature –> ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes –> increased risk of infectious diseases that are spread by mosquitoes
- extreme temperatures can kill people, especially those with cvd or respiratory disease + pollen levels increase in high heat ==> higher asthma
- reduced resources in LI countries to deal with natural disasters –> increased displacement leading to homelessness
- higher temperatures + reduced rainfall affects crop growth –> limited food availability
- floods contaminate fresh water –> lack of drinking water –> increased rate of water borne diseases
mass migration
movement of large groups of people from one geographical area to another
- caused by forced displacement as a result of conflict
Types of mass migration: refugees, asylum seekers, internationally displaced persons, stateless persons
refugees
people who’ve fled their country and crossed international borders to find safety in another country
asylum seekers
people who’ve fled their country but their request for protection in another country hasn’t been processed yet
internationally displaced persons
people who’ve been forced to leave their home but haven’t crossed a border to safety. on the run in their own country
stateless persons
people who don’t have a nationality to any country, so, aren’t protected by any country’s laws
impact of mass migration
- strain on healthcare systems to meet needs of growing population
- these individuals live below poverty line –> inadequate shelter, food insecurity, lack of access to services and water, forced int unsafe work, children are unable to go to school, increased child abuse/alcohol violence
- often forced to live in refugee camps –> lack of sanitary facilities –> high rates of infectious diseases
advantages of world trade
- promotes economic growth
- reduces poverty
- provides jobs –> income
- many trading businesses employ women –> promotes gender equality
Disadvantages of world trade
- forced to work in dangerous conditions for low pay
- crowded factories have poor ventilation
- children and women who are forced into work can’t go to school + have social interactions
- increased use of pesticides in world trade reduces food availability + pollutes water sources
positive impacts of tourism
- promotes inclusive + sustainable economic growth – tourism is a source of employment + income especially for LI/MI countries –> empowers individuals with finances to access services
- contributes to social inclusiveness + employment
–> many women are employed in tourism industry –> promotes gender equality
–> money from tourism can be invested by gov into healthcare + schools - promotes efficient use of resources + environmental protection – money from tourism can be used to conserve wildlife and environment –> protects biodiversity
- preserves cultural values and diversity – empowers communities and fosters pride in their culture
- promotes peace and security – tourism can break barriers between cultures to build peace. tourism can also quickly recover after natural disasters, reestablishing sense of security
negative impacts of tourism
- overcrowding of tourists can place strain on local infrastructure and services + can lead to increased environmental pollution
- increased waste produced by tourism industry can strain local sewage infrastructure ability to treat wastes
- increased international flying and trade for tourism can spread pathogens between countries –> infectious diseases
positive impacts of digital technologies
- enables children to be registered –> allows them to have legal protection and basic human rights
- can be used to given disaster warnings
- can allow individuals to self-care themselves –> empowering them to be involved in health decisions
- enables those in rural areas to access healthcare through telehealth
- empowers people to adopt healthy behaviours by them self-diagnosing using technology
- enables individuals to maintain social connections
