C9 - crude oils and fuels Flashcards
where is crude oil found
rocks
how is crude oil formed
remains of tiny sea animals and plants get buried in mud
layers of rocks lay down on top
what are the ideal conditions to create crude oil
high pressure
high temperature
absence of oxygen
what is crude oil
a mixture of many different hydrocarbons
how do you seperate crude oil
fractional distillation
what is an alkane
a saturated hydrocarbon
what makes a saturated hydrocarbon saturated
they contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule
what is the formulae for methane
CH₄
what is the formulae for ethane
C₂H₆
what is the formulae for propane
C₃H₈
what is the formulae for butane
C₄H₁₀
what is the general formula for alkane molecules
CₙH₍₂ₙ₊₂₎
why are short chain molecules in hydrocarbons more useful than long chain (x4 reasons)
lower boiling point
higher volatility
low viscosity
higher flammability
what is the order of the fractional distillation of hydrocarbons, from highest BP to lowest BP
diesel oil/gas oil
kerosene
gasoline/petrol
refinery/petroleum gas
what are the products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon
carbon dioxide
water
how can you test for the water formed in the combustion of a hydrocarbon
blue cobalt chloride paper
white ahydrous copper sulfate (will turn blue)
what product is formed in the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons
carbon monoxide
when might carbon monoxide be formed in the use of hydrocarbons
in a car engine
what is cracking
the process of breaking down larger, less useful hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful ones
what happens to the vapor during the process of cracking
passed over hot catalyst
OR
mixed with steam and heated to very high temperature
what is an alkene
unsaturated hydrocarbon
what do alkenes contain
at least one double C=C bond
what is the positive test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon
turns orange bromine water colourless
