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GCSE - Chemistry > C9 - crude oils and fuels > Flashcards

C9 - crude oils and fuels Flashcards

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1
Q

where is crude oil found

A

rocks

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2
Q

how is crude oil formed

A

remains of tiny sea animals and plants get buried in mud
layers of rocks lay down on top

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3
Q

what are the ideal conditions to create crude oil

A

high pressure
high temperature
absence of oxygen

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4
Q

what is crude oil

A

a mixture of many different hydrocarbons

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5
Q

how do you seperate crude oil

A

fractional distillation

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6
Q

what is an alkane

A

a saturated hydrocarbon

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7
Q

what makes a saturated hydrocarbon saturated

A

they contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule

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8
Q

what is the formulae for methane

A

CH₄

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9
Q

what is the formulae for ethane

A

C₂H₆

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10
Q

what is the formulae for propane

A

C₃H₈

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11
Q

what is the formulae for butane

A

C₄H₁₀

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12
Q

what is the general formula for alkane molecules

A

CₙH₍₂ₙ₊₂₎

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13
Q

why are short chain molecules in hydrocarbons more useful than long chain (x4 reasons)

A

lower boiling point
higher volatility
low viscosity
higher flammability

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14
Q

what is the order of the fractional distillation of hydrocarbons, from highest BP to lowest BP

A

diesel oil/gas oil
kerosene
gasoline/petrol
refinery/petroleum gas

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15
Q

what are the products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon

A

carbon dioxide
water

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16
Q

how can you test for the water formed in the combustion of a hydrocarbon

A

blue cobalt chloride paper
white ahydrous copper sulfate (will turn blue)

17
Q

what product is formed in the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons

A

carbon monoxide

18
Q

when might carbon monoxide be formed in the use of hydrocarbons

A

in a car engine

19
Q

what is cracking

A

the process of breaking down larger, less useful hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful ones

20
Q

what happens to the vapor during the process of cracking

A

passed over hot catalyst
OR
mixed with steam and heated to very high temperature

21
Q

what is an alkene

A

unsaturated hydrocarbon

22
Q

what do alkenes contain

A

at least one double C=C bond

23
Q

what is the positive test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

turns orange bromine water colourless

GCSE - Chemistry (10 decks)

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