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GCSE - Chemistry > C4 - chemical calculations > Flashcards

C4 - chemical calculations Flashcards

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1
Q

how do you figure out relative formula mass

A

add together the relative atomic masses of the elements

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2
Q

what is a mole

A

the relative atomic mass or relative formula mass of any substance expressed in grams

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3
Q

what is avogadros constant

A

6.02 x 10^23

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4
Q

what is the equation linking moles and mass

A

number of moles = mass/Ar
OR
number of moles = mass/Mr

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5
Q

what is the equation for mass using the amount of moles

A

mass = number of moles x Ar
mass = number of moles x Mr

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6
Q

what do balanced symbol equations tell you

A

the number of moles of a substance involved in a chemical reaction

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7
Q

what can you use balanced symbol equations for

A

calculating masses of reactants and products in a chemical reaction

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8
Q

what is the limiting reactant

A

the reactant that gets used up first in a reaction
NOT in excess

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9
Q

what is the yield of a chemical reaction

A

the mass of products that a chemical reaction produces

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10
Q

what is the equation for percentage yield

A

percentage yield = ((actual mass of product produced)/(maximum theoretical mass of product possible)) x100

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11
Q

what are the factors affecting percentage yield

A

reversible reaction
reactants may react to give unexpected products
some product may be lost in handling or left in apparatus
some desired product may be lost in separation from mixture

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12
Q

what is atom economy

A

a measure of the extent to which the atoms in the starting materials end up in the desired product

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13
Q

what is the equation for percentage atom economy

A

percentage atom economy = Mr of desired product/sum of Mr of reactants x 100

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14
Q

why is it important to maximise atom economy

A

to conserve earths resources and minimise pollution

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15
Q

what is the equation for concentration

A

concentration = amount of solute/volume of solution

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16
Q

what should you do if you are working in cm^3

A

convert to dm^3 by dividing it by 1000
OR
use concentration equation with the cm^3 then x1000

17
Q

how can you increase the concentration of an aqueous solution

A

adding more solute and dissolving it in the same volume
evaporating off some of the water from the solution

18
Q

what do an acid and an alkali react together to make

A

neutralise eachother
a salt and a water

19
Q

what is titration

A

a method used to measure the exact volumes of acid and alkali needed to react with eachother

20
Q

what is the end point in titration

A

when the reaction between an acid and an alkali is complete

21
Q

what do you use an acid/base indicator for

A

show the end point of the reaction

22
Q

what could you use titration to find

A

the unknown concentration of a solution

23
Q

what is the equation for the number of moles of gas

A

number of moles of gas = volume of gas (dm^3) / 24 dm^3
OR
volume of gas (cm^4) / 24000 cm^3

24
Q

what is the volume of 1 mole of gas at any room temperature and pressure

A

24 dm ^3

25
Q

what is the meniscus

A

the dip that occurs in the solution in the burette

GCSE - Chemistry (10 decks)

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