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GCSE - Chemistry > C5 - chemical changes > Flashcards

C5 - chemical changes Flashcards

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1
Q

what are ores

A

rocks from which it is economical to extract the metals they have

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2
Q

what happens to many metals in ores

A

they become oxidised

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3
Q

how do you extract metals from oxides

A

reduce (remove the oxygen) the metal oxides

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4
Q

what is the reactivity series

A

a list of metals in order of their reactivity with most reactive at the top and least at the bottom

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5
Q

what are the two ways metal reactivity is ordered

A

reaction with water
reaction with a dilute acid (when reaction with water is slow)

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6
Q

what is the full reactivity series

A

potassium
sodium
lithium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
(carbon)
zinc
iron
tin
lead
(hydrogen)
copper
silver
gold

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7
Q

how do potassium, sodium, lithium, and calcium react with water

A

fizz, give off hydrogen gas, leave an alkaline solution of metal hydroxide

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8
Q

how do magnesium, aluminium, zinc and iron react with water

A

very slow reaction

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9
Q

how do tin and lead react with water

A

slight reaction with steam

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10
Q

how do copper silver and gold react with water

A

no reaction at all

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11
Q

how do potassium sodium and lithium react with dilute acid

A

explode

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12
Q

how do calcium magnesium aluminium zinc tin and iron react with dilute acid

A

fizz
give off hydrogen gas
form a salt

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13
Q

how do tin and lead react with dilute acid

A

react slowly with warm acid

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14
Q

how do copper silver and gold react with dilute acid

A

no reaction

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15
Q

define a displacement reaction

A

a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from an aqueous solution of one of its salts

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16
Q

what does an ionic equation show

A

only the atoms and ions that change in a reaction

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17
Q

what is oxidation

A

the loss of electrons

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18
Q

what is reduction

A

the gain of electrons

19
Q

what does extracting a metal depend on

A

how easy it is to extract
how much metal the ore contains
the changing demands for the particular metal

20
Q

why do we often use carbon to extract some metal oxides

A

it is more reactive than the metals

21
Q

what is the word equation for the reaction of carbon with a metal oxide

A

metal oxide + carbon -> metal + carbon dioxide

22
Q

why is gold often found in its native state

A

because it’s incredibly unreactive

23
Q

how are metals extracted that are more reactive than carbon

A

by electrolysis of their molten metal compound

24
Q

what is a salt

A

a compound formed when the hydrogen atom is wholly or partially replaced by metal (or ammonium) ions

25
Q

what is the word equation for the production of salts

A

metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen

26
Q

why are alkali metals never added to acid

A

the reaction would be too violent to be carried out safely

27
Q

what salts are formed when you react a metal with HYDROCHLORIC ACID

A

chlorides (containing Cl- ions)

28
Q

what salts are formed when you react a metal with SULFURIC ACID

A

sulfates (containing SO4^2- ions)

29
Q

what salts are formed when you react a metal with NITRIC ACID

A

nitrates (containing NO3- ions)

30
Q

what is a redox reaction

A

a reaction where both oxidation and reduction take place

31
Q

how is the reaction between a metal and an acid a redox reaction

A

metal ions lose electrons (oxidised)
hydrogen ions from acid gain electrons (reduced)

32
Q

what are bases

A

compounds that can neutralise acids

33
Q

what is the word equation for neutralisation

A

acid + base -> salt + water

34
Q

what do the sum of charges on ions in a salt add up to

A

0

35
Q

how would you collect a pure dry sample of crystals of a salt

A

carry out titration with indicator
run that volume of acid into solution but without indicator
crystallise and dry the crystals of the salt

36
Q

what is the word equation for the reaction of an acid with a carbonate

A

acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

37
Q

what are soluble hydroxides called

A

alkalis

38
Q

what are bases

A

substances that can neutralise acids

39
Q

what colour do alkalis go (using a universal indicator)

A

blue-purple

40
Q

what colour do acids go (using a universal indicator)

A

red-yellow

41
Q

what are carboxylic acids

A

weak acids

42
Q

what is hydrochloric acid

A

a strong acid

43
Q

what happens to hydrogen ion concentration when ph decreases by one unit

A

the hydrogen ion concentration increases by a factor of 10 (one order of magnitude)

GCSE - Chemistry (10 decks)

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