C10 - organic reactions Flashcards
what does a functional group do
gives a family of organic compounds their characteristic reactions
what is a homologous series
a family of organic compounds with the same functional group
what is the general formula for an alkene
cₙH₂ₙ
how can you test ethene
lighted spill burns with smokier yellow flame
why are alkenes not used as fuels
they release less energy per mole in combustion due to the incomplete combustion
what makes alkenes more reactive than alkanes
their c=c double bond
what is the chemical equation for the reaction of ethene with bromine
ethene+bromine-> dibromoethane
C2H4 + Br2 -> C2H4Br2
what happens when you react an alkene with hydrogen
the alkene becomes an alkane
describe the reaction environment between an alkene and hydrogen
takes place at 60 degrees C
presence of nickel catalyst
what happenes when you react an alkene with steam
produces ethanol
which functional group do alcohols contain
-OH group
which functional group do carboxylioc acids contain
-COOH-
which functional group do esters contain
-COO-
how are alcohols used
solvents
fuels
how does ethanol burn
with a clean blue flame
how do alcohols react with sodium
bubbles
gets smaller and smaller as it forms solution of sodium ethoxide in the ethanol
what happens when you oxidise an alcohol
forms a carboxylic acid and water
what is the main acid in vinegar
ethanoic acid
why does beer and wine taste like vinegar if it has been left out too long
the ethanol is oxidising and becoming ethanoic acid
what happens when carboxylic acids dissolve in water
form acidic solutions
what is the equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid with sodium carbonate
ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate -> socium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide
same reaction as any acid
why are carboxylic acids called weak acids
because co2 gas is given off more slowly in a carboxylic acid than other acids, as they dont fully ionise
higher pH
what is the equation for the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol
carboxylic acid + alcohol <=> ester+ water
acid used as catalyst
what are the properties of esters
volatile
smell sweet and fruity
