C9 Crude Oil Flashcards
What is crude oil?
A finite resource found in rocks.
What is the word equation for combustion?
Fuel + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + Water
What is soot?
Small particles of carbon which coal fire gives off.
What is complete combustion?
Combustion that takes place with a plentiful supply of oxygen.
What is incomplete combustion?
Combustion that occurs in a limited supply of oxygen.
What type of flame is produced in an open bunsen burner?
Roaring flame - used to heat things up quickly
What type of flame is produced in a half open bunsen burner?
Blue flame - used to heat things up gently
What type of flame is produced in a closed bunsen burner?
Yellow Safety Flame - visible flame for when the bunsen is not being used
What is a double bond?
A covalent bond made by sharing two pairs of electrons.
What is an alkane?
A saturated hydrocarbon
What is the general formula for an alkane?
CnH2n+2n
What are four examples of alkanes?
CH4 - Methane
C2H6 - Ethane
C3H8 - Propane
C4H10 - Butane
What is an alkene?
An unsaturated hydrocarbon which contains a carbon-carbon double bond.
What is the general formula for an alkene?
CnH2n
What are 4 examples of an alkene?
Ethene - C2H4
Propene - C3H6
Butene - C4H8
Pentene - C5H10
What is cracking?
The reaction used in the oil industry to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones
What is distillation?
Separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensation
What is fractional distilation?
A way to separate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the substances at different temperatures, then condensing and collecting the liquids
What is thermal decompostion?
The breaking down of a compound by heating it.
What is viscosity?
The resistance of a liquid to flowing or pouring (can sometimes be seen as a liquid’s thickness)
Why is fractional distillation used to seperate crude oil into fractions?
It’s made of different hydrocarbon molecules which can have different uses (such as fuel)
How does fractional distillation use the different boiling temperatures of crude oil to seperate it?
1) Heated crude oil enters a tall fractionating column (which is hot at the bottom and gets cooler towards the top)
2) Vapours from the oil rise through the column
3 ) Vapours condense when they become cool enough
4) Liquids are led out of the column at different heights
What is the general equation for complete combustion?
C(x)H(y) + (x + y/4)O2 —> (x)CO2 + (y/2)H2O
How to test for carbon dioxide?
Colourless limewater turns cloudy
