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GCSE AQA Chemistry Flashcards > C9 Crude Oil > Flashcards

C9 Crude Oil Flashcards

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1
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A finite resource found in rocks.

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2
Q

What is the word equation for combustion?

A

Fuel + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + Water

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3
Q

What is soot?

A

Small particles of carbon which coal fire gives off.

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4
Q

What is complete combustion?

A

Combustion that takes place with a plentiful supply of oxygen.

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5
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

Combustion that occurs in a limited supply of oxygen.

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6
Q

What type of flame is produced in an open bunsen burner?

A

Roaring flame - used to heat things up quickly

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7
Q

What type of flame is produced in a half open bunsen burner?

A

Blue flame - used to heat things up gently

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8
Q

What type of flame is produced in a closed bunsen burner?

A

Yellow Safety Flame - visible flame for when the bunsen is not being used

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9
Q

What is a double bond?

A

A covalent bond made by sharing two pairs of electrons.

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10
Q

What is an alkane?

A

A saturated hydrocarbon

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11
Q

What is the general formula for an alkane?

A

CnH2n+2n

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12
Q

What are four examples of alkanes?

A

CH4 - Methane
C2H6 - Ethane
C3H8 - Propane
C4H10 - Butane

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13
Q

What is an alkene?

A

An unsaturated hydrocarbon which contains a carbon-carbon double bond.

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14
Q

What is the general formula for an alkene?

A

CnH2n

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15
Q

What are 4 examples of an alkene?

A

Ethene - C2H4
Propene - C3H6
Butene - C4H8
Pentene - C5H10

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16
Q

What is cracking?

A

The reaction used in the oil industry to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones

17
Q

What is distillation?

A

Separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensation

18
Q

What is fractional distilation?

A

A way to separate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the substances at different temperatures, then condensing and collecting the liquids

19
Q

What is thermal decompostion?

A

The breaking down of a compound by heating it.

20
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The resistance of a liquid to flowing or pouring (can sometimes be seen as a liquid’s thickness)

21
Q

Why is fractional distillation used to seperate crude oil into fractions?

A

It’s made of different hydrocarbon molecules which can have different uses (such as fuel)

22
Q

How does fractional distillation use the different boiling temperatures of crude oil to seperate it?

A

1) Heated crude oil enters a tall fractionating column (which is hot at the bottom and gets cooler towards the top)

2) Vapours from the oil rise through the column

3 ) Vapours condense when they become cool enough

4) Liquids are led out of the column at different heights

23
Q

What is the general equation for complete combustion?

A

C(x)H(y) + (x + y/4)O2 —> (x)CO2 + (y/2)H2O

24
Q

How to test for carbon dioxide?

A

Colourless limewater turns cloudy

25
Q

How to test for water?

A

Blue cobbalt chloride paper turns pink

26
Q

How to test for unsaturation (alkenes)?

A

Orange bromine water decolourises

27
Q

How is crude oil formed?

A

Over millions of years from the remains of ancient biomass.

28
Q

How does boiling point depend on the chain length?

A

Longer the chain, higher the boiling point

29
Q

How does viscosity depend on chain length?

A

Longer the chain, Higher the viscosity

30
Q

How does flammability depend on chain length?

A

longer the chain, lower the flammability

31
Q

Name five useful fuels produced from fractional distillation of crude oil.

A

petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, and bitumen

32
Q

Describe the reactivity of alkenes compared to alkanes.

A

alkenes are much more reactive

33
Q

As chain length increases ….

A

there are more weak intermolecular forces, meaning it takes more energy to break them.

34
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms which gives characteristic chemical reactions of a compound.

35
Q

Wha

A

GCSE AQA Chemistry Flashcards (15 decks)

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