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GCSE AQA Chemistry Flashcards > C12 Chemical Analysis > Flashcards

C12 Chemical Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A substance containing a single element or single compound

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2
Q

What is a mixture (impure substance)?

A

A substance containing two or more elements that are physically placed together but not chemicaly combined

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3
Q

What can be said about the melting/boiling point of a pure substance?

A

They have specfic temeperatures

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4
Q

What can be said about the melting/boiling point of mixtures (impure substances)?

A

They are over a range of temperatures

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5
Q

What is a formulation?

A

A useful mixture designed for a specific purpose made in fixed proportions

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6
Q

What are examples of a formulation?

A

Paints, Drugs, NPK fertilizers

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7
Q

What is the Rf Value?

A

Retention Factor

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8
Q

How do you calulate the retention factor (Rf)?

A

Rf = Distance travelled by a substance / Distance travelled by solvent

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9
Q

In Paper Chromatography, what is the substance also know as?

A

The solute

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10
Q

What is the name of the pencil line drawn across the chromatography paper?

A

baseline

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11
Q

Why is a pencil used to draw the line across the chromatography paper?

A
  • Pencil is insoluble in water
  • The line won’t run with the solvent
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12
Q

A liquid that a solute dissolves in is called a…

A

Solvent

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13
Q

How do you test for oxygen?

A

If oxygen is present in a test tube, a glowing splint relights when it is held inside.

  • This is because oxygen supports combustion.
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14
Q

How do you test for hydrogen?

A

If hydrogen is present in a test tube, a lighted splint held near its mouth ignites with a squeaky pop.

  • Hydrogen ignites in air
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15
Q

How do you test for carbon dioxide?

A

If carbon dioxide is bubbled through limewater, the limewater turns milky or cloudy white.

  • Carbon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide solution to produce a white precipitate of calcium carbonate
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16
Q

How do you test for chlorine?

A

Damp litmus paper is bleached white when it is placed in chlorine. If damp blue litmus paper is used, the paper turns red then white.

  • Chlorine is an acidic gas that also acts as a bleach
17
Q

How do you test for Lithium ions?

A

Flame test - Crimson colour

18
Q

What is the test for Sodium ions?

A

Flame test - yellow colour

19
Q

What is the test for potassium ions?

A

Flame test - Lilac colour

20
Q

How do you test for Calcium ions?

A

Flame test - Orange/Red colour
or
Add a few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide solution - White precipitate

21
Q

What is the test for copper ions?

A

Flame test - Green colour
Add a few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide solution - Blue precipitate

22
Q

What is the test for Aluminium ions?

A

Add a few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide solution - White precipitate (dissolves in excess sodium hyrdoxide solution)

23
Q

How do you test for magnesium ions?

A

Add a few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide solution - white preciptiate

24
Q

How do you test for Iron(II) ions?

A

Add a few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide solution - Green precipitate

25
Q

How do you test for Iron(III) ions?

A

Add a few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide solution - Brown Precipitate

26
Q

How do you test for carbonate ions?

A

Add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid. Bubbles are produced if carbonate ions are present

27
Q

How do you test for carbon dioxide?

A

limewater turns milky/cloudy.

28
Q

How do you test for sulfate ions?

A

Add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid, then a few drops of barium chloride solution. A white precipitate forms if sulfate ions are present

29
Q

How do you test for chloride ions?

A

Add a few drops of dilute nitric acid, then a few drops of silver nitrate solution - white precipitate

30
Q

How do you test for bromide ions?

A

Add a few drops of dilute nitric acid, then a few drops of silver nitrate solution - cream precipitate

31
Q

How do you test for iodide ions?

A

Add a few drops of dilute nitric acid, then a few drops of silver nitrate solution - yellow precipitate

GCSE AQA Chemistry Flashcards (15 decks)

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