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GCSE AQA Chemistry Flashcards > C10 Organic Reactions > Flashcards

C10 Organic Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

C(n)H(2n+1)OH

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2
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols?

A

-O-H

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3
Q

What is the functional group of alkenes?

A

C=C

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4
Q

What are the first four alcohols?

A

Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol

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5
Q

What is the formula for methanol?

A

CH3OH

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6
Q

What is the formula for ethanol?

A

C2H5OH

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7
Q

What is the formula for propanol?

A

C3H7OH

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8
Q

What is the formula for butanol?

A

C4H9OH

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9
Q

What is a functional group?

A

a specific atom or group of atoms which give an organic molecule certain physical or chemical properties.

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10
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

a group of organic compounds with the same functional group that each consecutive one differs by CH2

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11
Q

What is the general formula for carboxylic acid?

A

CnH2n+1COOH

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12
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acid?

A
  • C = O
    I
    O - H
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13
Q

What are the first four carboxylic acids?

A

Methanoic Acid
Ethanoic Acid
Propanoic Acid
Butanoic Acid

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14
Q

What is the formula for methanoic acid?

A

HCOOH

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15
Q

What is the formula for ethanoic acid?

A

CH3COOH

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16
Q

What is the formula for propanoic acid?

A

C2H5COOH

17
Q

What is the formula for butanoic acid?

A

C3H7COOH

18
Q

Each member of a homologous series differs from the next by….

A

CH2

19
Q

Why do alkenes usually to produce a smokier flame?

A

They tend to undergo incomplete combustion due to a higher carbon to hyrdogen ratio

20
Q

What are addition reactions?

A

Atoms of a simple molecule add across the C=C double bond

21
Q

What is the reagant of hydrogenation?

A

Hydrogen

22
Q

What are the conditions needs for hydrogenation?

A

A nickel catalyst at 150°C

23
Q

What is the reagent for Halogenation?

A

Halogens

24
Q

What is a use of hydrogenation?

A

Used to make margerines

25
Q

What is the product of hydrogenation?

A

Alkane

26
Q

What is the reagent in Hydration?

A

Steam (water)

27
Q

What is the product of Hydration?

A

Alcohol

28
Q

What are uses of hydration?

A

Fuels
Solvents
Drinks

29
Q

State the conditions required to produce a mixture of water and ethanol from a solution of sugar.

A

Anaerobic
Warm
Yeast present

30
Q

Why are smaller alcohol molecules good solvents?

A

They can mix with water, fats and oils

31
Q

What can be said about the combustion of short chain alcohols?

A

Complete combustion, burning cleanly which produced an odourless yellow flame

32
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction between sodium and alcohol?

A

Sodium + Alcohol —> Sodium alkoxide + Hydrogen

33
Q

What observations can be made from the reaction of sodium and alcohols?

A

Fizzing and Sodium disappears

  • note: similar to water and sodium but less vigorous
34
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction between alcohol and oxygen?

A

Oxygen + Alcohol —> Carboxylic Acid + Water

35
Q

Why does Carboxylic Acid produce weakly acidic solutions in Water?

A

Carboxylic Acid partially ionise in water

36
Q

What is fermentation?

A

the reaction in which the enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide

GCSE AQA Chemistry Flashcards (15 decks)

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