C10 Organic Reactions Flashcards
What is the general formula for alcohols?
C(n)H(2n+1)OH
What is the functional group of alcohols?
-O-H
What is the functional group of alkenes?
C=C
What are the first four alcohols?
Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
What is the formula for methanol?
CH3OH
What is the formula for ethanol?
C2H5OH
What is the formula for propanol?
C3H7OH
What is the formula for butanol?
C4H9OH
What is a functional group?
a specific atom or group of atoms which give an organic molecule certain physical or chemical properties.
What is a homologous series?
a group of organic compounds with the same functional group that each consecutive one differs by CH2
What is the general formula for carboxylic acid?
CnH2n+1COOH
What is the functional group of carboxylic acid?
- C = O
I
O - H
What are the first four carboxylic acids?
Methanoic Acid
Ethanoic Acid
Propanoic Acid
Butanoic Acid
What is the formula for methanoic acid?
HCOOH
What is the formula for ethanoic acid?
CH3COOH
What is the formula for propanoic acid?
C2H5COOH
What is the formula for butanoic acid?
C3H7COOH
Each member of a homologous series differs from the next by….
CH2
Why do alkenes usually to produce a smokier flame?
They tend to undergo incomplete combustion due to a higher carbon to hyrdogen ratio
What are addition reactions?
Atoms of a simple molecule add across the C=C double bond
What is the reagant of hydrogenation?
Hydrogen
What are the conditions needs for hydrogenation?
A nickel catalyst at 150°C
What is the reagent for Halogenation?
Halogens
What is a use of hydrogenation?
Used to make margerines
What is the product of hydrogenation?
Alkane
What is the reagent in Hydration?
Steam (water)
What is the product of Hydration?
Alcohol
What are uses of hydration?
Fuels
Solvents
Drinks
State the conditions required to produce a mixture of water and ethanol from a solution of sugar.
Anaerobic
Warm
Yeast present
Why are smaller alcohol molecules good solvents?
They can mix with water, fats and oils
What can be said about the combustion of short chain alcohols?
Complete combustion, burning cleanly which produced an odourless yellow flame
What is the word equation for the reaction between sodium and alcohol?
Sodium + Alcohol —> Sodium alkoxide + Hydrogen
What observations can be made from the reaction of sodium and alcohols?
Fizzing and Sodium disappears
- note: similar to water and sodium but less vigorous
What is the word equation for the reaction between alcohol and oxygen?
Oxygen + Alcohol —> Carboxylic Acid + Water
Why does Carboxylic Acid produce weakly acidic solutions in Water?
Carboxylic Acid partially ionise in water
What is fermentation?
the reaction in which the enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide
