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GCSE Chemistry Revision > C9 - Chemistry Of The Atmosphere > Flashcards

C9 - Chemistry Of The Atmosphere Flashcards

1
Q

What is the present composition of the atmosphere?

A

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% CO2/water vapour/noble gases

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2
Q

What is the start of the evolution of the atmosphere story? first 1 billion years

A

Intense volcanic activity releasing lots of CO2, water vapour! , nitrogen, ammonia, methane - little to no oxygen

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3
Q

What is step 2 in evolution of the atmosphere

A

Less volcanic activity - earth started to cool - water vapour CONDENSED to form oceans

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4
Q

What is step 3 in the evolution of the atmosphere?

A

First organisms developed which could perform photosynthesis - algae - releasing oxygen and taking in CO2
CO2 dissolved in the oceans + rock fell into th ocean, CO2 locked in rocks due to sediment packing it - locked in
Plankton died and were compressed into sediment - forming fossil fuels deep underground and locking in more carbon

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5
Q

What is stage 4 in the story of the atmosphere?

A

Earth has very little CO2 in the atmosphere - today - mostly nitrogen and some oxygen
We burn fossil fuels which have been formed by plankton dying

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6
Q

Explain how the greenhouse effect works in 3 stages

A
  1. Short wave (ultraviolet) radiation from the sun passes through atmosphere and warms earth[s surface
  2. Earth cools and emits long wave (infrared) radiation
  3. Greenhouse gases absorb long Timon and re emit it in all directions including back to earth, warming the atmosphere
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7
Q

What is the greenhouse effect

A

When gases such as CO2 absorb infrared radiation, warming earth

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8
Q

What is global warming

A

Gradual increase in earth’s temperature

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9
Q

Give 2 greenhouse gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect

A

CO2 + methane

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10
Q

Give 4 ways we contribute to greenhouse effect

A

Burning fossil fuels
Deforestation
Cattle farming (large scale)
Landfill

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11
Q

Give 2 ways we increase CO2 levels in atmosphere

A

Deforestation + burning fossil fuels

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12
Q

Give 2 ways we contribute to methane in the atmosphere

A

Cattle farming and landfill

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13
Q

Why does landfill produce methane

A

Decay of waste by micro organisms

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14
Q

Give 3 effects of global warming

A

Glaciers melting
Sea level rise
Extreme weather events like floods/droughts

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15
Q

Give 4 effects of climate change

A

Altered habitats
Changing temperature
Extreme weather events
Changes in rainfall affecting food production
Extinction of species

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16
Q

What is a carbon footprint

A

Total amount of CO2 given out over the life of a product/person

17
Q

Give 4 ways to reduce carbon footprint

A

Eat less meat
Public transport
Turn off lights
renewable energy sources

18
Q

What does sulphur dioxide cause

A

Acid rain
Respiratory problems

19
Q

How is sulphur dioxide formed?

A

Sulphur in fuel reacts with oxygen in the air

20
Q

What does CO do?

A

Toxic gas - colourless and odourless

21
Q

What does soot(carbon particulates) do? x 2

A

Causes global dimming
health problems for humans

22
Q

How is nitrogen oxide formed?

A

Nitrogen + oxygen from the air react at high temperatures

23
Q

Give 2 things nitrogen oxides cause

A

Acid rain and respiratory problems

24
Q

How are nitrogen/sulphur oxides released

A

Burning fuels that contain sulphur and nitrogen

25
Q

What could acid rain lead to

A

Kill/erode vegetation

26
Q

why is evidence about the early atmosphere limited

A

time scale of 4.6 billion years

27
Q

at the start of the evolution of the atmosphere what was the earth’s atmosphere like - 1 billion years

A

mars or venus - mainly CO2 little to no oxygen

28
Q

when did algae first produce oxygen

A

2.7 billion years ago

29
Q

what 2 things produced the oxygen now in the atmosphere

A

algae and plants

30
Q

give 2 ways CO2 was decreased in atmosphere

A

algae and plants doing photosynthesis
formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels that contain carbon

31
Q

how were crude oil and natural gas formed

A

algae died
buried under sediment
lack of oxygen so no oxidation
heat and pressure forms the oil and gas

32
Q

what is limestone formed from

A

shells and skeletons of marine organisms

33
Q

what is coal formed by

A

dead trees
buried with floods
prevented oxidation
pressure and heat turns it into coal

34
Q

give 3 examples of greenhouses gases

A

water vapour
carbon dioxide
methane

35
Q

how does greenhouse effect work

A
36
Q

why is climate change accepted

A

ot is based on peer reviewed evidence

37
Q

why is climate change sometimes not accepted

A

difficult to model such complex systems
leading to simplified models and speculations and opinions in media which may be based on only parts of the evidence and be biased

38
Q

increasing average global temp causes what

A

climate change

GCSE Chemistry Revision (13 decks)

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