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GCSE Chemistry Revision > C8 - Chemical Analysis > Flashcards

C8 - Chemical Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the set up for a flame test

A

Platinum or nichrome wire cleaned with concentrated hydrochloric acid - then wire dipped into a sample of the compound - the placed in blue Bunsen flame

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2
Q

Type of metal for the wire for a flame test

A

Platinum

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3
Q

What type of flame is wire put into for flame tests

A

Blue Bunsen flame

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4
Q

What colour does lithium go and why

A

Lithium crimson - both have an I in them

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5
Q

What colour does sodium go and why

A

Yellow - soooo yellow

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6
Q

What colour does copper go flame test

A

Green - as 2 ps in copper and 2 es in green

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7
Q

What colour does potassium go?

A

Lilac - the fourth letter of both is A

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8
Q

What colour does calcium go in flame test?

A

orange Red
Calcium = Rad = Red

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9
Q

Give 2 possible issues with the flame test

A

If wire not clean/mixture of metal ions present
Yellow Bunsen burner flame could mask the colour of the flame produced

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10
Q

What is the result of the sodium hydroxide precipitate test for aluminium, calcium and magnesium (colour)

A

White

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11
Q

Which compound dissolved as well as turning white in the sodium hydroxide precipitate test?

A

Aluminium

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12
Q

What colour does copper 2 turn in the sodium hydroxide precipitate test

A

Blue (as they rhyme)

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13
Q

What colour does iron 2 turn in the sodium hydroxide precipitate test?

A

Green - as II => ee

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14
Q

What colour does iron 3 turn in sodium hydroxide precipitate test

A

Brown
Iron has o n and brown has own

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15
Q

What 3 compounds are usually used with the sodium hydroxide test? And why?

A

Copper, iron II, iron III as it has differentiating colours

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16
Q

How do you test the difference between aluminium, calcium or magnesium

A

Add excess sodium hydroxide solution
Aluminium precipitate dissolves forming a colourless solution

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17
Q

What is necessary to add for a carbonate test?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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18
Q

How do you conduct the carbonate test

A

Collect bubbles with a pipette and bubble this into limewater - check if limewater turns cloudy

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19
Q

What is necessary for the sulfate test to be conducted

A

Add dilute HCl and Barium chloride solution

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20
Q

What forms if sulfate ions are present?

A

White precipitate

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21
Q

What is necessary for the halide test?

A

Nitric acid and silver nitrate solution

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22
Q

Give 3 types of precipitate possible for the halide test

A

White
Cream
Yellow

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23
Q

What is the positive result for chloride in a halide test

A

Forms white precipitate - as chloride is clean white

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24
Q

What colour does bromide go in a halide ion test

A

Cream - as A B C

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25
Q

What is the positive colour for iodide

A

Yellow - I love Yellow

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26
Q

What is an accurate way to test for ions

A

Flame emission spectroscopy

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27
Q

Give 4 advantages of flame emission spectroscopy

A

Can identify ions in a mixture
More sensitive
More accurate
More rapid

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28
Q

How does flame emission spectroscopy work?

A

Sample is put in flame
Light emitted is passed through a spectroscope and a line spectrum emerges

29
Q

How are ions identified in flame emission spectroscopy?

A

A line spectrum unique to each ion type exists
You can compare this to the result you get to identify ion presence

30
Q

Give 2 ways flame emission spectroscopy can be used

A

Checks for presence of ions
Measures concentrations of ions in a substance

31
Q

5what is a formulation

A

Mixture designed to produce a useful product

32
Q

How do you find an impure substance

A

The melting points is lower and the boiling point is higher than the pure substance’s value

33
Q

What is the gas test for oxygen

A

Glowing splint into gas - if it relights oxygen is present

34
Q

What is gas test for hydrogen

A

Squeaky pop test - burning splint in gas and if it leads to squeaky pop then hydrogen present - as hydrogen burns rapidly

35
Q

What is the gas test for CO2

A

Bubble the gas into limewater - and goes from colourless to cloudy if positive

36
Q

What is the test for chlorine

A

Damp blue litmus paper placed in the gas - positive is the paper bleaches (blue->red->white)

37
Q

what is a pure substance

A

a single element or compound - not mixed with anything else

38
Q

what can be used to distinguish between pure things and mixtures

A

melting and boiling point data

39
Q

in everyday language what does pure mean

A

a substance with nothing added - like pure milk

40
Q

what is a formulation

A

a mixture designed as a useful product

41
Q

how are formulations made

A

components mixed in carefully measured quantities to ensure the product has the required properties

42
Q

give 5 examples of formulations

A

fuels
cleaning agent s
paints
medicines
alloys
fertilisers
food

43
Q

what is chromatography for (2)

A

separate mixtures
help identify substances

44
Q

what are the two phases in chromatography

A

stationary and mobile

45
Q

what does separation depend on

A

the distribution of substances between stationary and mobile phases

46
Q

what is the Rf value

A

distance moved by compound to distance moved by solvent

47
Q

what is the distance moved by the compound as a distance

A

centre of spot from origin

48
Q

different compounds have different R f values in different ___

A

solvents

49
Q

a pure compound will produce ___spot in all solvents

A

a single

50
Q

give a precaution of the chromatography practical

A

don’t get food colouring in eyes

51
Q

what is limewater

A

calcium hydroxide

52
Q

when CO2 is __or __through limewater it turns ___

A

bubbled through
shaken with
cloudy

53
Q

what is the test for chlorine

A

damp litmus paper put into chlorine gas until bleached and turns white

54
Q

what happens if the sample contains a mixture of ions in a flame test

A

the colours of the flames can be masked

55
Q

what metal ions can flame tests identify

A

cations

56
Q

what types of metal ions can sodium hydroxide be used to identify

A

cations

57
Q

only ___precipitate dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide solution

A

aluminium hydroxide

58
Q

what 3 ions form white precipitates when sodium hydroxide is added

A

aluminium
calcium
magnesium

59
Q

what colour precipitates do copper II, ironII and iron III form in sodium hydorxide solution

A

blue
green
brown respectively

60
Q

carbonate react with what to form carbon dioxide gas

A

dilute acids

61
Q

how do halide ions produce precipitates - in what reaction

A

silver nitrate and dilute nitric acid

62
Q

what colour is silver chloride

A

white

63
Q

what colour is silver bromide

A

cream

64
Q

what colour is silver iodide

A

yellow

65
Q

sulfate ions produce a white precipitate when reacted with what

A

barium chloride
dilute hydrochloric acid

66
Q

instrumental methdos are __ ___and __

A

accurate
sensitive
rapid

67
Q

give an example of an instrumental method to analyse metal ions

A

flame emission spectroscopy

68
Q

how does flame emission spectroscopy work

A

sample in flame
,light passed through a spectroscope
output is a line spectrum to identify metal ions and measure concentrations

GCSE Chemistry Revision (13 decks)

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