C9 Flashcards
What is crude oil?
It is a mixture of many compounds called hydrocarbons.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound composed of hydrogen and carbon.
How is crude oil separated?
Through fractional distillation, which is where react fraction(hydrocarbon) boils at a different temperature range due to the different sizes of the molecules in it.
The most useful short chain hydrocarbons are at the top.
What are alkanes and their formula?
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, containing as many hydrogen molecules as possible. Their formula is CnH2n+2
What are the first four alkanes?
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
What happens to boiling point, volatility, viscosity and flammability as the size of the hydrocarbon increases?
Boiling point-increase
Viscosity-increase
Volatility-decrease
Flammability-decrease
What is complete combustion?
Where the carbon and hydrogen in the fuel are oxidised (had oxygen added to them) and the products of the complete combustion are carbon dioxide and water.
What is cracking?
The process of breaking a long-chain hydrocarbon into multiple smaller, more useful short-chain hydrocarbons. It happens through thermal decomposition.
What is an alkene and what is its formula?
It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing carbon-carbon double bonds. Its formula is CnH2n
How do you test for unsaturated hydrocarbons?
You put it in orange bromine water and if it is present it turns colourless.
What is the order of the substances in a fractionating column from head to toe?
Liquified petroleum gas, petrol, kerosene, diesel, heavy fuel oil and finally bitumen.
