C5 Flashcards
What is the reactivity series?
It is the list of metals in order of their reactivity with the most reactive metals at the top and the least at the bottom
How to see how reactive the metal is?
You can order some metals on reactivity by seeing their reactions with water so you can order all of group 1 metals.
How do you tell if metals react with water or dilute acids?
It would produce hydrogen gas and would be detected by a ‘pop’ with a lighted spill.
What is a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from an aqueous solution of one if its salts.
What is an ionic equation?
It shows only the atoms and ions that change in a reaction.
How to remember the reactivity series?
Please stop calling me a careless zebra, instead try learning how copper saves gold platinum
What is reduction?
When something gains electrons and loses oxygen.
What is oxidisation?
When something loses electrons and gains oxygen.
Why and how are carbon and hydrogen in the reactivity series?
They can be given positions in the reactivity series due to the basis of displacement reactions using them.
What does a half equation show?
It shows what happens to each reactant in terms of if they gained or lost electrons.
What is a metal ore?
It contains enough of the metal to make it economic to extract the metal. They are mined and may need to be concentrated before the metal is extracted and purified.
How can you tell if it is worth extracting a metal?
How easy it is to extract it from the ore, how much metal the ore contains and the changing demands for a particular metal.
How can you tell how to extract a metal from its ore?
Through the reactivity series, where the oxides of metals below carbon in the series can be reduced by caron to give the metal element. However metals more reactive that carbon cannot be extracted from their ore using carbon. They are extracted by electrolysis of the molten metal compound.
What do you get when you react a metal and an acid?
A salt and hydrogen (MASH)
What is a redox reaction?
A reaction between a metal and an acid. The metal atoms lose electrons and are oxidised and hydrogen ions from the atom gain electrons and are reduces.
What is the symbol and charge for Sulfuric acid on its own without hydrogen.
SO4 charge of 2-
What is the symbol and charge for nitric acid on its own and without hydrogen?
NO3 charge of -
What is the symbol and charge of hydroxide?
OH charge of -
What is the symbol and the charge of carbonate?
CO3 charge of 2-
What is the symbol and charge for hydrochloric acid?
HCL H+ and Cl-
What does a metal carbonate and an acid get you?
Salt+ water+ carbon dioxide
What do you get with an acid and a metal oxide?
Salt + water
What do you get with an acid and a base(or alkaki)?
Salt + water
What is it called when an acid reacts with a base?
Neutralisation
What is the charge of a salt?
It is always zero, enabling you to work out the formula of salts, knowing the charges on the ions present.
How can you make copper sulphate crystals from copper oxide and sulfuric acid?
Add the insoluble copper oxide to sulfuric acid and stir. Warm gently on a tripod and gauze. When the solution turns blue keep on adding the copper oxide until it doesn’t dissolve. Then filter the solution to remove excess copper oxide. Then evaporate off the water so crystals start to form but stop when it evaporates to half way or you see crystals at the side of it. Finally leave the solution overnight to evaporate to give you crystals.
What are sodium hydroxides?
They are called alkalis. Their solutions are alkaline e.g. sodium hydroxides.
What is a base?
They include alkalis and are substances that can neutralise acids e.g. metal oxide.
How can you measure how acidic or alkaline a substance is?
Using the pH scale.
What does the pH scale tell us?
It runs from 0(most acidic) to 7(neutral) to 14(most alkaline). You can use an universal indicator to see the pH.
What does the pH scale say about the concentration of H+ ions?
It goes down a power every time and is opposite as in minus. e.g. a pH of 3 is 1x10^-3
What is a dilute solution and a concentration solution?
A concentrated solution contains a greater amount of that solute in the same volume of solution than a more dilute solute.
What are 2 examples of strong acids?
Hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.
What are 2 examples of weak acids?
Ethanoic acid and citric acid.
