C10 Flashcards
What is a functional group?
It is a family of organic compounds with similar characteristic reactions. e.g. C-C double bond
What is a homologous series?
It is a family of organic compounds with the same functional group. e.g. Alkenes
What is combustion like with alkenes?
They burn with a smokier, yellow flame as there is incomplete combustion. Additionally, they release less energy per mole in combustion than alkanes. However you still get carbon dioxide and water.
Is an alkene or alkane more reactive and why?
An alkene due to the carbon carbon double bond, so that they have extra space, while as an alkane is saturated, there is no more space on the carbons.
How do alkenes react with hydrogen, water and halogens?
They add atoms across the C=C bond, forming a saturated molecule.
What is an alcohol?
It is a homologous series, where you remove an H atom from an alkane molecule and replace it with an -OH group, giving an alcohol molecule.
What is a carboxylic acid?
It is a homologous series, where you remove 3 H atoms from a alkane molecule and relpace it with a double bond 0=0 and an OH, resulting in a -COOH functional group.
What is an ester?
It is a homologous series, where when you replace the H atom in the -COOH group by a hydrocarbon group such as -CH3 then you get an ester.
How are alcohols used?
They are used in solvents, fuels and ethanol made by fermentation is termed a biofuel that can be used in alcoholic drinks.
Why are carboxylic acids considered to be weak acids?
This is due to carbon dioxide being given off slowly when a metal carbonate reacts with a carboxylic acid compared to a hydrochloric acid of the same concentration, as they only partially ionise in water.
What is the formula for an ester?
Carboxylic acid+ alcohol = ester + water
