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Science > C6 > Flashcards

C6 Flashcards

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1
Q

what happens when an acid reacts with a carbonate?

A

acid+metal carbonate = salt+ water+ carbon dioxide

2Hcl(aq.)+CaCo(3)(s.)= CaCl(aq)+H(2)o(l)+Co(2)

used to test for the presence of carbon

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2
Q

What makes an acid an acid?

A
  • acids react with they produce hydrogen ions(H+) e.g. Hcl=H+ +Cl-
  • an acid is an acid if it has H+ions
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3
Q

What makes a solution alkaline?

A

consists of hydroxide ions (OH-) when in water they ionise

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4
Q

What is an netralisation reaction?

A

acid + alkali = salt + water

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5
Q

What are salts?

A

form when a metal oxide or hydroxide neutralises an acid

-Most salts consist of a positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ion

metalion from a metal oxide or hydroxide

non-metal ion from a parent acid

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6
Q

What are the chemicl sybols for non-metal ions that consist of more than on element?

A

carbonate-Co(3)(2-)

hydroxide -OH(1-)

nitrate-No(3)(1-)

sulfate-So(4)(2-)

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7
Q

What is the process for choosing the purity of a chemical?

A

-higher purity-most expensive

consider amount of impurities

what the impurities are

  • how they can affect the product and process
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8
Q

How can you test the purity of a substance?

A
  • citric acid
  • titration
    1. fill burette with sodium hydroxide
    2. add citric acid to the beaker and dissolve in pure water
    3. swirl as the alkali is added, until the solution turns pink
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9
Q

What is an exothermic and endothermic reaction?

A
  • exothermic
  • a reaction that gives out heat
  • combustion
  • more common

endothermic

-reaction absorns heat

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10
Q

Why do scientists want to know if a raection is exothermic or endothermic?

A
  1. it takes fuel, which costs money to provide the energy input for endothermic reactions
  2. the energy given out by an exothermic reaction can be used elsewhere i the plant to produce electricity
  3. A temperature increase make ethanol reactions faster, more chance of an explosion
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11
Q

What does energy level diagram of an exothermic and endothermic reaction look like?

A

exothermic

  • reactants have more energy than the products
  • endothermic

the products have more energy than the reactants

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12
Q

How is the rate of reaction measured?

A
  • amount of reactions in a certain time frame
  • can be measured by collecting the amount of product from an experiment

average rate=change in the amount of the product divided by the time it takes to happen

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13
Q

What factors affect the rate of reaction?

A
  1. concentration of reactants in solution

graeter concentration faster the the reaction

  1. surface area of a solid

graeter it the faster the reaction

  1. the tenperature

higher temperature means afaster reaction

  1. catalysts

sped up reactions without be used up in the process

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14
Q

What are some catalysts?

A

-BASF-cobalt compound

300 temperature 700 times atmospheric pressure

rhodium compunds

200 temperature 30-60 times atmospheric pressure

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15
Q

What is the collision theory?

A
  • atoms only react if they bump into eachother- collision
  • some bonds break between molecules and some new bond form
  • molecules in constant motion in substances
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16
Q

How do you make pure calcium chloride?

A
17
Q

What are the stages to chemical synthesis?

A
  • method only valid if solid added to acid is either in insoluble in water or doesn’t react with water
    1. choose the raection

–magnisium expensive

  • does not need pure metal
    2. Caryy out a rik assessment
    3. Work out the quantities to use
    4. Carry out the experiment in a suitable apparatus and under the right conditions
    5. Seperate the products from the reaction mixture
    6. purify product
    7. measure yield
18
Q

How do you work out relative masses of reactants and products?

A

water= 2 times1 + 16

=18

19
Q

How do you work out theoretical yields?

A
20
Q

How do you work out percentage yield?

A

theoretical yield divided by actual yield times 100%

21
Q

What are some examples of bulk chemicals?

A

-ammonia, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, chlorine, ethene

22
Q

What are some fine chemicals?

A

herbicides, pesticides

23
Q

What is a general split in use of chemicals?

A
24
Q

What are some organic acids?

A
  • cooh groups of atoms
  • hydrogen - gives acidity
  • citric and tartaric acids

Ethanoic acid is a liquid organic acid

25
Q

What happens when a metal reacts with an acid?

A

acid+ metal= salt + hydrogen

26
Q

What is the reactivity of metal?

A
27
Q

What happens when an acid reacts with a metal oxide or hyroxide?

A

acid+ metal oxide =salt+(hydroxide) or water

Science (21 decks)

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