B1

Question 1

What are the two factors that cause variation?

Answer 1

genes

and

your environment

Question 2

What is a make up of a cell?

Answer 2

Threre is a cell wall, containing cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell. Inside the nucleus id chromosomes.

Question 3

What is a chromosomes made up of?

Answer 3

It is made up of two lon gstrands that are coiled together to form a double helix. Between the strands are gene.s

Question 4

What are the function of genes?

Answer 4

They send instructions to the cell so it can produce proteins structurally for the cell and also enzymes .

Question 5

How many pair

Question 6

chromosmes are ther in each cell?

Answer 6

23

Question 7

How many chromosmes came from the mother and the father?

Answer 7

23 from each

Question 8

What is an allele?

Answer 8

A version of a gene

Question 9

what the two types of alleles?

Answer 9

Dominant and recessive

Question 10

What is the name of two different alleles.

Answer 10

hetrozygous

Question 11

What is the meaning of a Genotype?

Answer 11

This refers to the combination of Alleles

Question 12

What is the Phenotype?

Answer 12

This refers to the characteristics of the Alleles

Question 13

What are the Alleles in human reproduction?

Answer 13

For the male it is X and Y where the Y Allele is smallerandmakes it different from X

Females just have two X Alleles

The Y Allele is dominant Allele

Question 14

What is the cause of Huntington’s disease?

Answer 14

It is a faulty dominant gene in the brain that causes gradual damge and it is fatal

Question 15

What aer the symtoms of huntington’s disease?

Answer 15

Involuntary movement

Clumsiness

Memory Loss

Mood changes

inability to concentrate

Question 16

What causes cystic fibrosis?

Answer 16

Cystic fibrosis is a recessive disease that is caused by cell mebranes producing overly thick mucus that irritates and blocks the lungs and pancreas

Question 17

What are the symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 17

Weight loss

difficulty breathing

chest infeactions

difficulty digesting food

Question 18

What ethical questions does Huntington’s disease raise?

Answer 18

Whether or not to inform your employer?

what to tell your life insures?

Whether to tell your family?

Whether to have children?

Question 19

What are some types of gentic testing before and after birth?

Answer 19

Amniocentesis- where cells are collected from the aminiotic fluid surrounding the fetus

Chrionic villus sampling- taking cells from the placenta

heel prick for blood test

Question 20

What is unethical about IVF?

Answer 20

Embyros that possess genetic disorders may be discarded

Question 21

What is Embryo screening or test in IVF known as?

Answer 21

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis(PGD)

Question 22

What is another risk, even if your are diagnosed as not having the disorder?

Answer 22

It could be a false negative , meaning they actually have the disorder. It could also be a false positive meaning the opposite

Question 23

What is the definition for a clone?

Answer 23

An organism with identical DNA to another Organism

Question 24

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 24

This is where there is only one parent is needed.E.G. plants and bacteria

Question 25

How do clones differ

Answer 25

When they are exposed to different environments

Question 26

Advantages/disadvantages Of cloning and asexual reproduction

Answer 26

Characteristics are similsr in the offspring

plants can live isolation

there is no genetic variation

Diseases could easily wipeout society

Question 27

How is cloning done?

Answer 27

The nucleus of the animal you are cloning is placed in a egg cell with no nucleus. Then it is implanted in the surrogate mother, Illegal to clone in UK

Question 28

What is the process of cell specialisation?

Answer 28

Differentiation

Question 29

What are uses of stem cells?

Answer 29

They could be used to test drugs

Understanding how differentiation works

Growing new oragans or rebuilding part of the sinal cord.