C5 - Electrons and bonding

Question 1

What are shells

Answer 1

Group of atomic orbitals with the same principle quantum number (main energy level)

Question 2

What number of electrons fill the first four shells?

Answer 2

2
8
18
32

Question 3

What is the principal quantum number?

Answer 3

n
Number representing the relative overall energy of each orbital
Increases with distance from the nucleus

Question 4

What are atomic orbitals

Answer 4

Region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

Question 5

What are the four different types of orbitals?

Answer 5

S
P
D
F

Question 6

What is an s orbital?

Answer 6

Spherical shape
-Each shell from n=1 contains one s-orbital

Question 7

What is a p orbital

Answer 7

Dumb-bell shape
3 separate p orbitals at right angles to each other
Each shell from n=2 contains p orbitals

Question 8

What are d orbitals

Answer 8

Each shell from n=3 contains 5 d orbitals

Question 9

What are f orbitals

Answer 9

Each shell from n=7 contain f orbitals

Question 10

Number of electrons in s,p,d,f shells

Answer 10

1,6,10,14

Question 11

Order of filling of sub shells

Answer 11

1s
2s
2p
3s
3p
4s
3d
4p
4d
4f

Question 12

How are electrons filled in box diagrams

Answer 12

Each box fills with one electron of same spin first
Then each box filled with second electron with opposite spin

Question 13

How do you write shorthand electron configuration

Answer 13

Noble gas in brackets first

Question 14

Electron configuration of copper (28)

Answer 14

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1

Question 15

Electron configuration of potassium

Answer 15

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

Question 16

Electron configuration of cobalt (27)

Answer 16

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2

Question 17

What’s ionic bonding?

Answer 17

Electrostatic force of attraction between cations and anions

Question 18

How can you represent ionic compounds

Answer 18

Dot and cross diagrams

Question 19

What is the structure of giant ionic compounds?

Answer 19

Giant ionic lattice structure consisting of cations and anions held together by strong metallic bonds

Question 20

What are the melting and boiling points of ionic compounds?

Answer 20

High due to strong ionic bonds

Question 21

Are ionic compounds soluble

Answer 21

Yes, in polar compounds (water)
However, if ions have large charge, ionic attraction may be too strong

Question 22

Do ionic lattices conduct electricity?

Answer 22

Not in solid state
But once melted or dissolved it does

Question 23

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 23

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms

Question 24

What happens to orbitals in covalent bonds?

Answer 24

Each orbitals containing one electron, overlap to form shared pair of electrons

Question 25

What does the localised attraction in covalent bonds sometimes result in

Answer 25

Simple molecule

Question 26

How can you represent covalent bonds?

Answer 26

Dot and cross diagrams or displayed formula

Question 27

What is a dative/coordinate covalent bond?

Answer 27

Shared pair of electrons supplied by one of the bonding atoms only

Question 28

What is average bond enthalpy?

Answer 28

Average enthalpy change that occurs when breaking, by homolytic fission, 1 mol of a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species