C5 - Electrons and bonding

Question 1

What are shells

Answer 1

Group of atomic orbitals with the same principle quantum number (main energy level)

Question 2

What is the principal quantum number?

Answer 2

n
Number representing the relative overall energy of each orbital, increases with distance from the nucleus

Question 3

What are atomic orbitals

Answer 3

Region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

Question 4

What are the four different types of orbitals?

Answer 4

S
P
D
F

Question 5

What is an s orbital?

Answer 5

Spherical
-Each she’ll from n=1 contains one s-orbital

Question 6

What is a p orbital

Answer 6

Dumb-bell shape
3 separate p orbitals at right angles to each other
Each shell from n=2 contains p orbitals

Question 7

What are d orbitals

Answer 7

Each shell from n=3 contains 5 d orbitals

Question 8

What are f orbitals

Answer 8

Each shell from n=7 contain f orbitals

Question 9

Number of electrons in s,p,d,f shells

Answer 9

1,6,10,14

Question 10

Order of filling of sub shells

Answer 10

1s
2s
2p
3s
3p
4s
3d
4p
4d
4f

Question 11

How are electrons filled in box diagrams

Answer 11

Each box fills with one electron of same spin first
Then each box filled with second electron with opposite spin

Question 12

How do you write shorthand electron configuration

Answer 12

Noble gas in brackets first

Question 13

What’s ionic bonding?

Answer 13

Electrostatic force of attraction between cations and anions

Question 14

How can you represent ionic compounds

Answer 14

Dot and cross diagrams

Question 15

What is the structure of giant ionic compounds?

Answer 15

Giant ionic lattice structure consisting of cations and anions held together by strong metallic bonds

Question 16

What are the melting and boiling points of ionic compounds?

Answer 16

High due to strong ionic bonds

Question 17

Are ionic compounds soluble

Answer 17

Yes, in polar compounds (water)
However, if ions have large charge, ionic attraction may be too strong

Question 18

Do ionic lattices conduct electricity?

Answer 18

Not in solid state
But once melted or dissolved it does

Question 19

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 19

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between a shakers pair of electrons and the nuclei of a bonded atoms

Question 20

What happens to orbitals in covalent bonds?

Answer 20

Each orbitals containing one electron, overlap to form shared pair of electrons

Question 21

What does the localised attraction in covalent bonds sometimes result in

Answer 21

Simple molecule

Question 22

How can you represent covalent bonds?

Answer 22

Dot and cross diagrams or displayed formula

Question 23

What is a dative/coordinate covalent bond?

Answer 23

Shared pair of electrons supplied by one of the bonding atoms only

Question 24

What is average bond enthalpy?

Answer 24

Average enthalpy change that occurs when breaking, by homolytic fission, 1 mol of a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species