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chemistry > C27 - Amines, amino acids, polymers > Flashcards

C27 - Amines, amino acids, polymers Flashcards

1
Q

What are amines?

A

Organic compounds derived from ammonia in which one/more H atom has been replaced by a C chain/ring

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2
Q

What two types of amines are there?

A

Aliphatic amine - N atom attached to straight/branched carbon chain

Aromatic amines - Na atom attached to aromatic ring

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3
Q

What are primary, secondary and tertiary amines?

A

Primary - N atom attached to one alkyl group

Secondary amine - N atom attached to two alkyl groups

Tertiary amine - N atom attached to 3 alkyl groups

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4
Q

How do you name primary amines?

A

If NH2 is at end of chain - add suffix ‘amine’ to alkyl chain
If NH2 not on carbon one - prefix ‘amino’ used

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5
Q

How are secondary and tertiary amines named?

A

If containing same alkyl groups - prefixes di/tri used to indicate number of alkyl groups attached to N atom

If two/more dif groups attached to N atom - N-substituted derivative of larger group

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Why do amines act as bases?

A

Lone pair of electrons on N can accept proton

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8
Q

What is formed when the N on an amine accepts a proton?

A

Dative covalent bond formed between lone pair of electrons in N and proton

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9
Q

Amine and acids

A

Ammonium salt

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10
Q

Propylamine + HCl

A

Propylammonium chloride

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11
Q

Ethylamine + H2SO4

A

Ethylammonium sulfate

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12
Q

How do you form a primary amine? + conditions

A

Ammonia + haloalkane —> alkyl ammonium halide salt

Salt + NaOH —> Alkyl amine

Ethanol used as solvent (prevents further substitution by water to produce alcohols)

Excess ammonia used (reduces further substitution of amine group to form secondary/tertiary amines)

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13
Q

How do you form secondary and tertiary amines

A

Primary amine + haloalkane —> dialkyl ammonium chloride salt
Salt + NaOH —> secondary amine

Repeat with secondary amine to produce tertiary amine

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14
Q

How do you form aromatic amines?

A

Nitrobenzene heated under reflux with tin and HCl (then excess NaOH) to produce phenylamine and H2O

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15
Q

What is an amino acid?

A

Organic compound containing amine and Carboxylic acid functional groups

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16
Q

What are alpha amino acids

A

Amine group attached to second carbon atom, next to carbonyl group

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17
Q

What is the general formula of an alpha amino acid?

A

RCH(NH2)COOH

18
Q

Amino acids + HCl

19
Q

Amino acids + aqueous alkalis (NaOH

20
Q

Amino acid esterification

A

Amino acid + alcohol —> ester + water
Acidic conditions

21
Q

Zwitter ions…

A

Amino acid with both +ve and -ve charge?

22
Q

What is an amide

A

Product of acyl chloride reacting with ammonia/amines
Have amide group C(=O) -NH2

23
Q

What are primary, secondary and tertiary amides?

A

Primary - one C atom bonded to N
Secondary - two C atoms bonded to N
Tertiary - three C atoms bonded to N

24
Q

What is optical isomerism?

A

Stereoisomers that are non-super impossible mirror images of each other (enantiomers)

25
Q

When do you see stereoisomerism?

A

In molecules with a chiral centre - carbon attached to 4 dif atoms/ groups of atoms

26
Q

How do you signify a chiral centre?

A

A star/asterisk next to it

27
Q

How do you draw optical isomers?

A

3D arrangements

28
Q

What is condensation polymerisation?

A

Reaction where two small molecules react to form a larger molecule, eliminating smaller molecule

29
Q

Two examples of condensation polymers

A

Polyesters
Polyamides

30
Q

What bonds link polyesters? What groups are necessary?

A

Ester linkages
C=O-O-C

Carboxylic acid, alcohol

31
Q

How can polyesters be made from the same monomer?

A

Monomers has either alcohol or Carboxylic acid group on either side

32
Q

How can polyesters be made from two dif monomers

A

Diol- two hydroxyl groups
Dicarboxylic acid - two carboxyl groups

33
Q

What is the formula for the water produced in a condensation reaction?

34
Q

What bonds link polyamides? What groups are necessary?

A

Amide link
C=O-NH

Carboxylic acids/ acyl chlorides, amine

35
Q

How can a polyamide be formed from one type of monomer?

A

Has carboxylic acid/acyl chloride group on one side, and amine group on other

36
Q

How can a polyamide be formed from dif monomers?

A

Dicarboxylic acids (/Acyl chloride)
Diamine

37
Q

How can polyesters/polyamides be hydrolysed ?

A

Hot aqueous alkali
Hot aqueous acid

38
Q

What does base hydrolysis of condensation polymers produce?

A

Salt and alcohol/amine

39
Q

What does acid hydrolysis of condensation polymers produce?

A

Alcohol/amine and carboxylic acid

40
Q

Acid and base hydrolysis of polyester

41
Q

Acid and base hydrolysis of polyamides

chemistry (26 decks)

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