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chemistry > C4 - Acids and redox > Flashcards

C4 - Acids and redox Flashcards

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1
Q

What are acids?

A

Species that releases H+ ions in aqueous solutions

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2
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

Acid that dissociates completely in solution

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3
Q

Example of a strong acid

A

HCl

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4
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

Acid that dissociates only partially in solution

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5
Q

Example of a weak acid

A

Ethanoic acid

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6
Q

What is a base

A

Compound that neutralises ban acid to form a salt

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7
Q

Examples of bases

A

Metal oxides
Metal hydroxides
Metal carbonates
Ammonia

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8
Q

Examples of alkalis

A

NaOH
KOH
NH3

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9
Q

What is an alkali

A

Type of base that dissolves in water forming OH- ions

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10
Q

Acid + alkali

A

Salt + water

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11
Q

Acid +metal oxide

A

Salt + water

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12
Q

Acid + carbonate

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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13
Q

What is a titration?

A

Technique used to accurately measure the volume of one solution that reflects exactly with another solution

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14
Q

What can titrations be used for?

A

Finding concentration of solution
Identification of unknown chemicals
Finding purity of substance

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15
Q

How do you prepare a standard solution

A

1) weigh solid accurately
2) solid dissolved in beaker
3) solution transferred to volumetric flask and beaker contents rinsed into flask
4) flask filled to graduation line using pipette until bottom of meniscus line up with mark
5) volumetric flask inverted several times

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16
Q

How should burette readings be recorded?

A

Two dp
Last value is 0 or 5

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17
Q

When calculating the error interval, which apparatus needs to be doubled

A

Burette

both final and initial reading

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18
Q

How do you do an acid-base titration?

A

1) Add measured volume of solution to conical flask using pipette
2) Add other solution to burette and record initial reading
3) add few drops of indicator to solution in conical flask
4) run solution in burette into solution in conical flask, swirling conical flask, until indicator changes colour at end point of titration
5) Record final burette reading
6) Quick trial titration is carried out and then it’s repeated more accurately until two concordant results

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19
Q

What is concordant titre

A

Agreeing within 0.10 cm^3

20
Q

Why is an oxidation number?

A

Measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element

21
Q

Oxidation number of O

A

-2

22
Q

Oxidation number of H

A

+1

23
Q

Oxidation number of F

A

-1

24
Q

Oxidation number of Na, K

A

+1

25
Q

Oxidation number of Mg, Ca

A

+2

26
Q

Oxidation number of Cl, Br, I

A

-1

27
Q

Oxidation number of H in metal hydrides

A

-1

28
Q

Oxidation number of O in peroxides

A

-1

29
Q

Oxidation number of O bonded to F

A

+2

30
Q

What are oxidation number rules for elements?

A

Always 0
Eg, Na, H2

31
Q

Oxidation number rules for compounds

A

-oxidation number has sign that’s placed before
-each atom in a compound has a charge that sums to 1

32
Q

How do you use Roman numbers in naming

A

Oxidation number in brackets

33
Q

Oxidation in terms of oxidation number

A

Increase in oxidation number

34
Q

Reduction in terms of oxidation numbers

A

Decrease in oxidation number

35
Q

Formula of hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

36
Q

Formula of sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

37
Q

Formula of nitric acid

A

HNO3

38
Q

Formula of ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

39
Q

Formula of sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH

40
Q

Formula of potassium hydroxide

A

KOH

41
Q

Formula of ammonia

A

NH3

42
Q

What is neutralisation

A

Chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form a salt
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) –> H2O (l)

43
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

Reaction involving both reduction and oxidisation

44
Q

Oxidation in terms of oxygen and electrons?

A

Gain of oxygen
Loss of electrons

45
Q

What is an oxidising agent?

A

Reagent that accepts electrons from another species

46
Q

Reduction in terms of oxygen and electrons?

A

Loss of oxygen
Gain of electrons

46
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

Reagent that donates electrons to another species

chemistry (21 decks)

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