C3.3 - Types Of Chemical Reaction Flashcards
What is a redox reaction (in terms of oxygen)?
A reaction in which reduction and oxidation of oxygen occur at the same time
What is a redox reaction (in terms of electrons)?
A reaction in which reduction and oxidation of electrons occur at the same time
What is oxidation (in terms of oxygen)?
The gain of oxygen by a substance
What is reduction (in terms of oxygen)?
The loss of oxygen from a substance
What is an oxidising agent (in terms of oxygen)?
A substance that is being reduced so another one can be oxidised
What is a reducing agent (in terms of oxygen)?
A substance that is being oxidised so another one can be reduced
What is oxidation (in terms of electrons)?
The loss of electrons by a substance
What is reduction (in terms of electrons)?
The gain of electrons from a substance
What is an oxidising agent (in terms of electrons)?
A substance that is being reduced so another one can be oxidised
What is a reducing agent (in terms of electrons)?
A substance that is being oxidised so another one can be reduced
What is an acid?
A substance with a pH less than 7
Releases H+ ions when dissolved in water to make an aqueous solution
What is a base?
A substance that can neutralise an acid
What is an alkali?
A soluble base with a pH above 7
Releases OH- ions when dissolved in water
What is the basic equation for neutralisation?
H+ + OH- => H2O
What is neutralisation?
The reaction between an acid and a base
What is the formula for neutralisation?
Acid + base/alkali => salt + water
What happens during neutralisation?
The H+ and OH- ions react together to produce water
The salt depends on the other ions present
What is the formula for acid and carbonate?
Acid + carbonate => salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the formula for acid + metal?
Acid + metal => salt + hydrogen
What is a dilute acid?
Contains a low ratio of acid to volume of solution
What is a concentrated acid?
Contains a high ratio of acid to volume of solution
What are weak acids?
Acids that only partially ionise
What are strong acids?
Acids that fully ionise
How is pH linked to hydrogen ion concentration?
As the concentration of H+ ions increases by a factor of 10, the pH decreases by 1
