C3.2 - Energetics + C3.3 - Types Of Chemical Reaction Flashcards
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction where the temperature of the reaction mixture increases
Energy is released into the surroundings
What are some examples of exothermic reactions?
Combustion
Neutralisation
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction where the temperature of the reaction mixture decreases
Takes in energy from the surroundings
What are some examples of endothermic reactions?
Photosynthesis
Melting
What is activation energy?
The minimum energy required for a reaction to start
What is bond energy?
The energy required to break 1 mol of a particular bond
What is a redox reaction?
A redox reaction is a reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur at the same time
What is reduction (electrons)?
The gain of electrons
What is oxidation (electrons)?
The loss of electrons
What is reduction (oxygen)?
The loss of oxygen from a substance
What is oxidation (oxygen)?
The gain of oxygen by a substance
What is a reducing agent ?
A substance in a reaction that oxidises so that another substance can be reduced
What is an oxidising agent?
A substance in a reaction that reduces so that another substance can be oxidised
What is a base?
A substance that can neutralise an acid
What is an alkali?
A soluble base
What ions do acids release when dissolved in water?
Hydrogen
What ions do alkalis release when dissolved in water?
Hydroxide
What is the neutralisation word equation?
Acid + base —> salt + water
What is the word equation for acid and carbonate reactions?
Acid + carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is a dilute acid?
An acid that contains a low ratio of acid to volume of solution
What is a concentrated acid?
An acid that contains a high ratio of acid to volume of solution
What is a weak acid?
An acid that partially ionises in a solution (a small fraction of their molecules release hydrogen ions)
What is a strong acid?
An acid that fully ionises in a solution (all of their molecules release hydrogen ions)
