C2.2 - Bonding

Question 1

What does malleable mean?

Answer 1

Bends without shattering

Question 2

What does brittle mean?

Answer 2

They shatter when hammered

Question 3

What does ductile mean?

Answer 3

They can be pulled into wires

Question 4

What happens if a substance is non-ductile?

Answer 4

They snap when pulled

Question 5

What is the appearance of metals?

Answer 5

Shiny

Question 6

What is the appearance of non-metals?

Answer 6

Dull

Question 7

Where are melting points and boiling points for metals?

Answer 7

Usually high

Question 8

Where are melting points and boiling points for non-metals?

Answer 8

Usually low

Question 9

What state are metals in room temperature?

Answer 9

Solid (except mercury)

Question 10

What state are non-metals at room temperature?

Answer 10

Around half are solid
Around half are gas

Question 11

Metal oxides produce alkaline/acidic solutions?

Answer 11

Alkaline

Question 12

Non-metal oxides produce alkaline/acidic solutions?

Answer 12

Acidic

Question 13

How are ions formed?

Answer 13

A metal transferring atoms in their outer shell to a non-metal to have a stable outer shell.

Question 14

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 14

A shared pair of electrons between two non-metal atoms to complete their outer shells

Question 15

What is a giant ionic lattice?

Answer 15

Ionic compounds containing positive and negative ions arranged in a regular way

Question 16

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 16

The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions (metals and non-metals)

Question 17

What are the limitations of the ball-and-stick model?

Answer 17

Exaggerated size of atoms
Exaggerated bond lengths

Question 18

What are intermolecular forces?

Answer 18

Weak forces of attraction between molecules

Question 19

Which types of polymers have cross-linking?

Answer 19

Thermosetting

Question 20

What are allotropes?

Answer 20

Different forms of the same element with different atomic arrangements.
Eg diamond

Question 21

Why doesn’t diamond conduct electricity?

Answer 21

There are no delocalised electrons

Question 22

Why does graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 22

It has delocalised electrons

Question 23

What are the typical sizes of nanoparticles?

Answer 23

1-100nm
x10-9m

Question 24

What are delocalised electrons?

Answer 24

The outer electrons from each atom are able to abandon the nucleus and move freely throughout the metal.

Question 25

What do delocalised electrons allow?

Answer 25

This allows metals to conduct

Question 26

How to calculate surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 26

Surface area/volume

Question 27

What are metallic bonds?

Answer 27

The attraction between positive metal ions in a lattice and their delocalised electrons

Question 28

What is the key difference between thermosoftening and thermosetting polymers?

Answer 28

Thermosetting polymers have chains joined together by strong covalent bonds called cross links