C3: Normal Measurments..... Flashcards
Which measurements do we do in End diastole
IVS LVIDd LVPW (L ventricles posterior wall) AO sinus Ascending AO
What measurements in end systole?
LVOT (mid systole)
LVIDs
LA
Where should all the LV measurements be taken?
At the basal level segments inferior to the MV leaflet tips
What’s the norm measurement for the IVS and the LVPW?
How different can these 2 measurements be
M: 6-10 mm, <11mm
W: 6-9mm, <10mm
Within 1mm of each other
What is the norm measurement for the LVIDd for men and women?
Men: < 59 mm
Women: <53 mm
What are the norm measurements for AO sinus and Ascending
Ascending:
Men: <34 mm
W: <31 mm
AO sinus:
M: <37mm
W: <33mm
What’s severe sinus or ascending AO Dilation?
> /= 50mm
What are the measurements of the LVOT? the avg measurement of LVOT?
18-22mm
Avg is 20mm
Norm measurement for LVIDs in systole?
20-38mm
Norm measurement for LA in systole?
Where would you put the calipers?
M: <40mm
W: <38 mm
Inner to inner
What is the norm fractional shortening value?
> 25%
Norm valve for ejection fraction?
> or = 55%
What’s the normal LV mass index for M and W?
M: < 115 g/m2
W: <95 g/m2
Formula for relative wall thickness?
2x(LVPW/LVIDd)
How should the sound beam be hitting the structures that you want to measure?
As perpendicular as possible
When measuring is it better to have more axial resolution of lateral resolution?
More axial will improve accuracy because your crossing fewer scan lines (this is why we need to be perpendicular)
What’s another name for the LVIDd?
LV minor axis
Norm values for AO annulus for M and W?
M: <29mm
W: <25mm
How can you find end systole on the ECG wave
End of the T wave
Where do you put the calipers for LVIDs?
Inner to inner
What is another term for linear ejection fraction?
Teicholz Linear EF
What’s the formula for fractional shortening ? And what information does it give us?
FS= (LVIDd-LVIDs/LVIDd)x100
Gives information about the systolic function of the heart
For FS, is a smaller or larger value (compared to norm) more of less worrisome?
Smaller value
What’s the function of the EF?
What assumptions does the EF make?
Takes dimensions and extrapolates a volume from that information
Assumes the LV is an ellipse shape
There’s symmetrical contractility
The LV length is twice as long as the width
Formula for EF
How do you calculate the EF with the LVIDd & LVIDs?
((EDV-ESV)/EDV)x100
Cube the LVIDd and LVIDs
LVIDd^3= EDV LVIDs^3= ESV
How do you find the myocardial volume?
Formula for LV mass
Epicardial V-endocardial V
LV mass= Volume of LV walls x myocardial density
What is the LVMI
Indexes the LV mass to BSA
What does the RWT compare?
The thickness of the LVPW to the LV chamber size
Basic principle of the RWT
Bigger chamber = thicker walls
Norm range for RWT
< or = 0.42
What is the norm value for MPAP?
9-18mmHg
Where do you place the calipers when measuring the AO sinus and ascending AO
Leading to leading (outer wall to inner wall)
Review LV Mass and RWT chart!
In C3: Parasternal LAX and Measurements
