C3: Normal Measurments.....

Question 1

Which measurements do we do in End diastole

Answer 1

IVS
LVIDd
LVPW (L ventricles posterior wall)
AO sinus
Ascending AO

Question 2

What measurements in end systole?

Answer 2

LVOT (mid systole)
LVIDs
LA

Question 3

Where should all the LV measurements be taken?

Answer 3

At the basal level segments inferior to the MV leaflet tips

Question 4

What’s the norm measurement for the IVS and the LVPW?

How different can these 2 measurements be

Answer 4

M: 6-10 mm, <11mm
W: 6-9mm, <10mm

Within 1mm of each other

Question 5

What is the norm measurement for the LVIDd for men and women?

Answer 5

Men: < 59 mm
Women: <53 mm

Question 6

What are the norm measurements for AO sinus and Ascending

Answer 6

Ascending:
Men: <34 mm
W: <31 mm

AO sinus:
M: <37mm
W: <33mm

Question 7

What’s severe sinus or ascending AO Dilation?

Answer 7

> /= 50mm

Question 8

What are the measurements of the LVOT? the avg measurement of LVOT?

Answer 8

18-22mm

Avg is 20mm

Question 9

Norm measurement for LVIDs in systole?

Answer 9

20-38mm

Question 10

Norm measurement for LA in systole?

Where would you put the calipers?

Answer 10

M: <40mm
W: <38 mm

Inner to inner

Question 11

What is the norm fractional shortening value?

Answer 11

> 25%

Question 12

Norm valve for ejection fraction?

Answer 12

> or = 55%

Question 13

What’s the normal LV mass index for M and W?

Answer 13

M: < 115 g/m2
W: <95 g/m2

Question 14

Formula for relative wall thickness?

Answer 14

2x(LVPW/LVIDd)

Question 15

How should the sound beam be hitting the structures that you want to measure?

Answer 15

As perpendicular as possible

Question 16

When measuring is it better to have more axial resolution of lateral resolution?

Answer 16

More axial will improve accuracy because your crossing fewer scan lines (this is why we need to be perpendicular)

Question 17

What’s another name for the LVIDd?

Answer 17

LV minor axis

Question 18

Norm values for AO annulus for M and W?

Answer 18

M: <29mm
W: <25mm

Question 19

How can you find end systole on the ECG wave

Answer 19

End of the T wave

Question 20

Where do you put the calipers for LVIDs?

Answer 20

Inner to inner

Question 21

What is another term for linear ejection fraction?

Answer 21

Teicholz Linear EF

Question 22

What’s the formula for fractional shortening ? And what information does it give us?

Answer 22

FS= (LVIDd-LVIDs/LVIDd)x100

Gives information about the systolic function of the heart

Question 23

For FS, is a smaller or larger value (compared to norm) more of less worrisome?

Answer 23

Smaller value

Question 24

What’s the function of the EF?

What assumptions does the EF make?

Answer 24

Takes dimensions and extrapolates a volume from that information

Assumes the LV is an ellipse shape
There’s symmetrical contractility
The LV length is twice as long as the width

Question 25

Formula for EF

How do you calculate the EF with the LVIDd & LVIDs?

Answer 25

((EDV-ESV)/EDV)x100

Cube the LVIDd and LVIDs

LVIDd^3= EDV
LVIDs^3= ESV

Question 26

How do you find the myocardial volume?

Formula for LV mass

Answer 26

Epicardial V-endocardial V

LV mass= Volume of LV walls x myocardial density

Question 27

What is the LVMI

Answer 27

Indexes the LV mass to BSA

Question 28

What does the RWT compare?

Answer 28

The thickness of the LVPW to the LV chamber size

Question 29

Basic principle of the RWT

Answer 29

Bigger chamber = thicker walls

Question 30

Norm range for RWT

Answer 30

< or = 0.42

Question 31

What is the norm value for MPAP?

Answer 31

9-18mmHg

Question 32

Where do you place the calipers when measuring the AO sinus and ascending AO

Answer 32

Leading to leading (outer wall to inner wall)

Question 33

Review LV Mass and RWT chart!

Answer 33

In C3: Parasternal LAX and Measurements