C10: Apical And Other Views Flashcards
Where do you place the probe when scanning on the apical window (with reference to the apex)
The point of maximal impulse
Which leaflets or the MV are seen in the 2 chamber view?
PML and AML
Can you get an ejection fraction from tracing the endocardium?
Yes
Can you sometimes see the coronary sinus in the 2 chamber view?
Yes
Do you have to see both cusps of the AO valve in the apical 3 chamber view? What about the AO sinus?
Yes, you must see both
You must see the AO sinus
Can you sometimes see the pulmonary veins in the apical 3 chamber view?
Yes
Which pap muscle is sometimes seen. In the apical 3 chamber view?
Inferolateral pap muscles
Why do we do the long axis measurements in PLAX instead of PSAX?
Because we are perpendicular to the structures and we are crossing fewer scan lines when we measure which makes it more accurate
Where should the probe be placed when scanning in the subcostal window?
2 cm inferior to the xiphoid process… probe should be rotated at 3 o’clock
What conditions can make the subcostal view difficult?
Cirrhosis and calcifications can make it hard to see the heart
Can you sometimes see the SVC in the 4 chamber subcostal view?
Yes
In which view can you best see an atrial shunt?
Why
Subcostal 4 chamber
We’re perpendicular with our beam
What % of the population has an atrial shunt?
5%
Which branches off the AO are seeing in the suprasternal notch?
1) First more anterior branch: brachiocephalic
2) left common carotid artery
3) let subclavian
Which pulmonary artery do we see in the SSN view?
RPA
Where is your probe marker pointing for the apical 4 chamber window?
2 or 3 o’clock
How do you angle the probe to go from 4 chamber to 5 CH view?
What’s the 5th chamber?
Angle probe more anterior or superior
The AO
What AO valves are we seeing in apical 5CH view?
R&L coronary cusps
Which other structures of the AO are seen?
Prox AO including the sinus of valsalva
How do you move the probe to go from apical 4CH view to 2CH view
Rotate to ~12oclock until the RV disappears
What’s it called when you cut of the LV apex?
Forshortening
Which struct are sometimes seen in the A2CH view?
1+ pulmonary veins
left atrial appendage
If you saw the coronary sinus in the A2CH view, where would the be
@ approximately the level of the MV annulus on the L of the screen (they’re posterior to the LA)
How do you move the probe to go from A4CH vie to A3CH/long axis view?
Rotate so marker is pointing to R shoulder
Where is probe marker pointing in the subcostal window?
Marker is pointing towards you
Where is probe maker for subcostal IVC view? How do we change out angle from subcostal 4CH?
~12:30
Angle inferior
What structure in the liver must you get when imaging the IVC view?
Hepatic vein
Where is marker facing when imaging in the SSN? View?
1-2 o’clock
When looking at wall motion of the LV in the apical 4CH view, how should we change the depth
Reduce it
