C3: factors influencing health status & BoD Flashcards
Smoking risks
- cvd
- cancers
- prenatal + infant health outcomes – low birthweight, increased risk of disease, premature death –> infant + under 5 mortality rate
- respitory conditions (asthma, COPD)
- increased risk of infection
COPD
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- an umbrella of respiratory conditions like emphysema + bronchitis
- result from smoking –> causes airway inflammation –> damaged lung tissue –> reduces airflow into lungs + limits ability to use oxygen
Atherosclerosis
Toxins (smoking, LDL cholesterol) enter bloodstream –> plaque buildup on endothelium (inner artery wall) –> endothelium sends white blood cells to destroy toxins –> white blood cells consume too much and die –> white blood cells die –> become foam cells –> foam cell buildup becomes plaque –> calcium from endothelium hardens plaque and therefore arteries –> blood clots within the artery –> blocks blood flow throughout the body –> CVD including heart attack and stroke
- caused by smoking, high BMI, high fat intake
Alcohol use risks
- high BMI and associated conditions
- cancers
- liver disease (includes cirrhosis – breakdown of liver)
- injury
- mental health issues
- prenatal/infant health outcomes – foetal alcohol spectrum disorder, premature birth, low birthweight
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder
- umbrella of conditions that occur in person whose mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy
- causes low birth weight, physical defects, intellectual disability, behavioural problems
High BMI risks
- cvd
- cancers
- type 2 diabetes
- chronic kidney disease
- osteoporosis
- asthma
- mental health issues
- maternal health conditions
Vegetable underconsumption risks
- high BMI and associated conditions
- cancers
- cvd
- neural tube defects
nutrient dense
foods high in nutrients like vitamins and minerals (eg. fruits/vegetables)
Antioxidants
compounds in food that neutralise free radicals (molecules that damage body cells –> risk of cancer)
neural tube defects
- caused by underconsumption of fruits/vegetables
- damage to brain + spine during prenatal development (eg. spina bifida, scoliosis)
Fruit underconsumption risks
- high BMI and accosiated conditions
- cancers
- cvd
- neural tube defects
Dairy underconsumption risks
- osteoporosis
- colorectal cancer
- type 2 diabetes
- dental caries (teeth decay)
high fat intake risks
- high BMI and associated conditions
- atherosclerosis –> cvd
- colorectal cancer
- type 2 diabetes
high salt intake risks
- increased blood volume –> hypertension –> cvd
- osteoporosis
high sugar intake risks
- high BMI and associated conditions
- dental caries
low fibre intake risks
- high BMI and associated conditions
- colorectal cancer
- high cholesterol –> cvd
- type 2 diabetes
low iron intake risks
- aenemia (reduced ability for body to deliver enough oxygen to cells because of lack of red blood cells)
Cholesterol
type of fat
- LDL: low density lipoprotein
- HDL: high density lipoprotein
Types of fat (+which is good/bad
Good fats:
- polyunsaturated fat
- monounsaturated fat
Bad fats:
- trans fats
- saturated fats
Type 2 diabetes
food is digested and broken down into glucose (energy) –> body signals pancreas to produce insulin –> glucose and insulin enter the bloodstream –> toxic fat blocks the insulin from allowing glucose to enter cells to provide the body with energy to function –> increased glucose + insulin levels –> body produces more glucose + insulin –> type 2 diabetes (imbalance of glucose and insulin)
- caused by high BMI – alcohol use, vegetable/fruit underconsumption, dairy underconsumption, high fat intake, high sugar intake, low fibre intake,
