C2: health status indicators Flashcards
trend
movement of data in a direction
- can be positive or negative trend
Health status
an individual/population’s overall health taking into consideration the health status indicators
health status indicators
used to measure health status
tends use data related to physical h+wb because it’s more observable and measurable
- self-assesed health status
- life expectancy – at birth + health adjusted
- morbidity – incidence + prevalence
- mortality – infant mortality, under 5 morality &
maternal mortality - burden of disease – DALY – YLL + YLD
self-assesed health status
an individual’s perception of their health
- not a reliable heath status indicator bc it’s SUBJECTIVE
- measured on a scale from excellent to poor
life expectancy
the average number of years a person can expect to live at a given time if the death rates don’t change
- life expectancy is the lowest in the infant stage bc they’re most susceptible to disease
- life expectancy is useful for comparing different populations –> government can identify age groups of concern and provide resources
- at birth: the number of years a person can expect to live at birth if the death rates don’t change
- life expectancy increases as a person gets older
Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
number of years that an individual can be expected to live in full health
- indicates quality of life
Male vs female life expectancy
Female: 85 years
Male: 81 years
Mortality
the number of deaths in a population at a given time
- identifies leading causes of death –> shows effectiveness of current health interventions –> shows if different interventions should be put in place to reduce mortality to improve health status
Mortality rate
number of deaths per 100,000 people
Top 5 causes of mortality 2019 in order
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular disease
- Respitory diseases
- Injury and poisoning
- Infectious diseases
Infant mortality rate
rate of infants who died before their 1st birthday, expressed per 1,000 live births
- reflects the effectiveness of current social + economic resources available –> reflects ability of society to use resources to support human life
- indicates if government needs to provide additional resources to society to support their health
Leading causes of infant mortality rate
SIDS (sudden infant death - biggest contributor)
asphyxia: interrupted breathing leading to low oxygen levels and death
Congenital malformations: physical defects that develop in a child while in the uterus or after birth
- indicates social + economic resource availability
Under 5 infant mortality rate
- rate of deaths of children before their 5th birthday, expressed per 1,000 live births
- includes infant mortality data
Under 5 infant mortality rate contributing factors
- improvements in health technology and services
- national child vaccination programs
- child safety laws
- increased parental health literacy/awareness about risk factors like injury/illness
Maternal mortality rate
the rate of deaths of mothers during pregnancy, delivery or 6 weeks after delivery, which is expressed per 100,000 live births
- shows what health measures need to be put in place to reduce the risk of pregnancy or childbirth-related maternal deaths