Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Isaac's Chemistry > C3 complete > Flashcards

C3 complete Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Chemistry 101 flashcards Periodic Table flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are intermollecular forces?

A

All of these substances have very strong covalent bonds between the atoms, but much weaker forces holding the molecules together. When one of these substances melts or boils, it is these weak ‘intermolecular forces’ that break, not the strong covalent bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are delocalised electrons and where are they present in metallic bonding?

A

Delocalised electrons are electrons which are free to move and are present around the outer shell of metal atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the properties of metallic bonding?

A
  • Strong electrostatic forces between metal ions and delocalised electrons
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Solid
  • Layers of atoms can slide off each other.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do ionic equations show?

A

Ionic equations show the useful bits to reactions

-Cross out equations the same on both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are displacement reactions?

A

More reactive metals displace the less reactive metals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens when you react an acid and a metal?

A

Acid+metal > salt + hydrogen

Easier a metal atom loses its outer shell and forms a positive ion the more reactive it will be.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens when you react an water and a metal? Which type of metals can react with water?

A

Water + metal > metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Only very reactive metals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which metals in the reactivity series can be extracted using carbon?

A

Metals below carbon can be displaced by carbon and carbon gains oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Some metals have to be extracted by electrolysis. Which metals and explain how this works.
Name one problem.

A

Metals more reactive than carbon are extracted using electrolysis of molten compounds. Metal melts and electric current then passes through it. Metal discharged at cathode, Non-metal at anode. BUT this is very expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is phytoextraction?

A

Growing plants in soil which contain metal compounds
-The plants can’t get rid of the compounds so they gradually build up in leaves
The plants can be burnt-the ash will contain metal compounds which can be extracted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is bioleaching?

A

Using bacteria to convert insoluble compound in the ore to soluble compounds, separating the metal and the ore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in a redox reaction? (OILRIG)

A

Electrons are transferred.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do half equations show? (2)

A

Half equations show the movement of electrons. They also show if things have to be oxidised or reduced.
e.g Na > Na+ + e-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does electrolysis literally mean?

When is it used?

A

Splitting up with electricity.

Used when the metal is too reactive to be reduced by carbon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens at the cathode during electrolysis?

A

Cathode reduces, gains electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens at the anode during electrolysis?

A

Anode oxidises and loses electrons.

17
Q

What is the overall equation for electrolysis?

A

Aluminium oxide -> Aluminium + Oxygen

18
Q

What happens at the cathode in an aqueous solution?

A 
If H(+) ions and metal ions are present, hydrogen gas will be produced if the metal is more reactive than hydrogen
If the metal is less reactive than hydrogen, the metal will be produced.
19
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A

2non-metal atoms bonded together, sharing pairs of electrons to make covalent bonds.

20
Q

How can you show covalent bonds?

A

Dot and cross diagrams.

21
Q

What are the properties of simple covalent substances?

A
  • Simple molecular substances
  • strong covalent bonds
  • weak forces
  • weak intermolecular forces - melting and boiling points very low = easily parted.
  • don’t conduct - no free electrons
22
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

It is the simplest ratio of atoms.

23
Q

What is the homologous series?

A

A homologous series is a family of molecules which share the same general formula and functional group - they have the same chemical properties.

24
Q

What happens to properties as the carbon chain gets longer?

A
  • The shorter the chain, the more runny they will be

- The shorter the chain, the lower the boiling point

25
Q

What are alkanes? What is the general formula? What are the four organic compounds you need to know?

A

Alkanes are hydrocarbons - compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon.
CnH2n+2
Meth Eth Prop But

26
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

Used to separate hydrocarbons

  • Oil is heated to gas
  • Fractional column has condensers
  • Column is heated from the bottom so there is a temperature gradient
  • The hydrocarbons have boiling points which condense back into liquids and drain out of the columns.
27
Q

What are the uses of crude oil?

A

Fuel for modern transport - planes, cars
Making new compounds
Phones

28
Q

What is a big problem with crude oil?

A

Finite resource - non-renewable

29
Q

What is cracking?

A

Splitting up long-chain hydrocarbons
Long chain hydrocarbons are produced from fractional distillation are not very useful so they are make smaller.
Hydrocarbons heated until they become vapour causing them to split.

30
Q

What are alkenes? What is special about them (3). What is their general formula?

A

C=C double bond, can take part in combustion reactions and Methane is not there.
CnH2n

31
Q

What is a functional group?

A

Functional group is a group of atoms within a molecule determining how the molecule reacts
All members of the same homologous series contain the same functional group.

32
Q

Alkenes burn in combustion reactions. What is this?

A

Alkene + Oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

33
Q

What are additional reactions? (alkenes)

A

e.g C2H4 + H2 >C2H6
Hydrogen can react with the double-bonded carbons to open the double bond and form an alkane.
e.g.C2H4 + Br2 > C2H4Br2

34
Q

What group in the periodic table can alkenes also react with? What can alkenes join to form?

A

Halogens eg bromine + ethene –> dibromoethene.

Addition polymers

35
Q

What is the alcohol functional group?

What is the general formula?

A

The O-H bond

e. g.mathanol:CH3OH
ethanol: C2H5OH
gf: CnH2n+1OH

36
Q

What are alcohols?

A

Industrial solvents that are able to dissolve in things water can’t.

37
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

A

They have the functional group COOH
e.g.HCOOH = methanoic acid
CH3COOH

Isaac's Chemistry (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions