C3

Question 1

What is the order of the reactivity series?

Answer 1

Most reactive:Potassium - K
Sodium - Na
calcium - Ca
Magnesium - Mg
Aluminium - Al
Zinc - Zn
Iron - Fe
Lead - Pb
Hydrogen - H
Copper - Cu
silver - Ag
Least reactive:Gold - Au
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Question 2

What is OILRIG in terms of electrons?

Answer 2

Oxidation is Loss Reduction is gain
Oxidation is addition of oxygen
Reduction is removal of oxygen

Question 3

What is electroylsis?

Answer 3

• Spliting up with electricity
• electric current is passed through an electrolyte
• The ions move towards the electrodes where they react and the compound decomposes
• The positive metal or hydrogen ions move towards the cathode(negative electrode) and gain electrons
• The negative non-metal ions in the electrolyte move towards the anode(positive electrode)
• Creating a flow of charge through the electrolyte as ions travel to the electrodes

Question 4

What is Electroylsis of aqueous solutions?

Answer 4

• There is hydrogen and hydroxide ions from the water
• At the cathode-hydrogen gas will be produced if metal is more reactive than hydrogen, if metal is less reactive then solid layer of pure metal is formed
• If there is a concentrated solution of chlroride ions, chloring molecules will be formed at the anode

Question 4

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 4

• Sharing electrons
• when non metal atoms bond, they share electrons to make covalent bonds
• Always two non-metals

Question 4

What is the homologous series?

Answer 4

Family of molecules which share the same general formula and functional group, share similar chemical properties

Question 4

What are alkanes?

Answer 4

• Simple homologous
• held together by single covalent bonds
• Generic formula- Cn H(2n+2)
• C-C single bonds
• Methane-CH4
• Ethane-C2H6
• Propane-C3H8
• Butane-C4H10

Question 4

What is fractional distillatation(not in lab)?

Answer 4

The seperation of Hydrocarbon fractions, comes in mixtures of many different hydrocarbons:
1)The oil is heated until most of it has turned into gas the gases enter a fractioning column
2)The fractionating column is a tall column which has condensers coming off at certain points
3)The column is heated from the bottom , so there is a temp gradient, hot at the bottom and cooler as you go up
4)The longer hydrocarbons have a higher boiling point , they condense back into liquids and drain out quickly, shortet hydrocarbons have lower boiling points condense much later on.
5)You end up with the crude oil mixture seperated out into different fractions

Question 4

What is crude oil used for?

Answer 4

• Used for fuels
• For cleaning
• Finite resource

Question 4

What are alkenes?

Answer 4

• C=C double bond
• Two fewer hydrogens compared with alkaned with the same number of carbon atoms

Question 5

What are alcohols?

Answer 5

• OH functional group
• Names-Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol
• used as solvents and fuels
• Alchols are flammable

Question 6

What are carboxylic acids?

Answer 6

• Functional group COOH
• Names end in …anoic acid(meth, eth, prop and but)
• Used in foods and soaps

Question 7

What is a redox reaction?

Answer 7

When both oxidation and reduction take place at the same time
Think about oilrig